Emerging food safety risk of hepatotoxic indospicine in feral Australian camel meat

Tan, Eddie Ti Tjih; Ng, J. C.; Jassim, Rafat Al; D'Arcy, B. R.; Netzel, Gabriele; Fletcher, Mary T.

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107205

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The four major feral animal types that are commonly consumed in Australia are pigs (Sus scrofa), deer (Cervus elaphus, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Dama dama, Axis axis and Axis porcinus), rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and hares (Lepus capensis), and goats (Capra hircus). Although the meat of other feral animals, such as camels (Camelus dromedarius) [24] and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) [25], are also consumed in Australia, this is generally within limited community groups and were not considered within this review. For the purpose of this review, only protozoal and helminth parasites that infest the muscle and organ (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Parasites in Feral Animals Commonly Consumed in Australia — Is There a Risk?

Barton

Fahey

et al. 2023

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

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Purpose of Review Consumption of wild game meat is traditionally associated with rural, remote and poor areas around the world, but there has been a recent rise in the consumption of wild game meat in urban and higher socio-economic regions such as Australia. Along with its unique animal fauna, Australia has a wide diversity of feral animals, many of which are hunted for food, although little is known about the levels of consumption of this meat across Australia. Corresponding with this is the lack of information on the parasites within these animals, particularly those of potential zoonotic concern through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat and organs. This review aimed to determine the level of knowledge of parasites of feral animals regularly consumed in Australia. Recent Findings Online databases were searched for publications on feral animals and their parasites. For the purpose of this review, only protozoal and helminth parasites that infest the muscle and organ systems and are infective to humans upon ingestion were considered as potential zoonotic parasites. A total of 5 records were found based on host and 27 based on parasite, showing a lack of information available. Summary Little information was available on the parasites of the major groups of feral animals hunted in Australia for food (pigs, deer, rabbits and hares, and goats) as well as on the parasites themselves, except for sparganosis caused by the cestode Spirometra erinaceieuropaei which has been widely reported in feral pigs. Sparganosis appears to be an underreported disease in Australia, with only 8 confirmed cases, highlighting the need for education of medical practitioners, especially in rural and remote areas, on the diagnosis of this infection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Parasites in Feral Animals Commonly Consumed in Australia — Is There a Risk?

Barton

Fahey

et al. 2023

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

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“…Authors concluded that feed samples used for camel feeding were highly contaminated with ochratoxin A (85%), aflatoxin (70%) and zearalenone (45%). Tan et al (2020) studied the levels of indospicine (natural plant toxins; Indigofera genus) in camel meat and the potential health risks to the Australian population associated with the consumption of wild camel meat and found a high risk. Based on these results, these authors advised to implement a risk management program for indospicine residues to ensure the food safety of Australian camel meat.…”

Section: Consumption Of Camel Meat and Health Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on these results, these authors advised to implement a risk management program for indospicine residues to ensure the food safety of Australian camel meat. Indospicin has excellent bioavailability during digestion of contaminated cooked camel meat ( Sultan et al 2018 ; Tan et al 2020 ). The consumption of undercooked meat is considered a risk factor for another infection.…”

Section: Consumption Of Camel Meat and Health Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The one-humped camel: The animal of future, potential alternative red meat, technological suitability and future perspectives

Djenane,

Aider

2024

F1000Res

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The 2020 world population data sheet indicates that world population is projected to increase from 7.8 billion in 2020 to 9.9 billion by 2050 (Increase of more than 25%). Due to the expected growth in human population, the demand for meats that could improve health status and provide therapeutic benefits is also projected to rise. The dromedary also known as the Arabian camel, or one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius), a pseudo ruminant adapted to arid climates, has physiological, biological and metabolic characteristics which give it a legendary reputation for surviving in the extreme conditions of desert environments considered restrictive for other ruminants. Camel meat is an ethnic food consumed across the arid regions of Middle East, North-East Africa, Australia and China. For these medicinal and nutritional benefits, camel meat can be a great option for sustainable meat worldwide supply. A considerable amount of literature has been published on technological aspects and quality properties of beef, lamb and pork but the information available on the technological aspects of the meat of the one humped camel is very limited. Camels are usually raised in less developed countries and their meat is as nutritionally good as any other traditional meat source. Its quality also depends on the breed, sex, age, breeding conditions and type of muscle consumed. A compilation of existing literature related to new technological advances in packaging, shelf-life and quality of camel meat has not been reviewed to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, this review attempts to explore the nutritional composition, health benefits of camel meat, as well as various technological and processing interventions to improve its quality and consumer acceptance. This review will be helpful for camel sector and highlight the potential for global marketability of camel meat and to generate value added products.

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“…No suitable kangaroo, crocodile, duck or donkey assays could be found in the literature, so these were designed in-house. A camel assay was included following incidents of dog fatalities in 2019 due to consuming Australian camel meat containing Indospicine [26], resulting in camel being excluded from pet food in Australia. Lastly, to allow ratio quantification of cheese products, a water buffalo assay was included to account for all sources of dairy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Seven New dPCR Animal Species Assays and a Reference Material to Support Quantitative Ratio Measurements of Food and Feed Products

Griffiths,

McLaughlin,

Hall

et al. 2023

Foods

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Laboratory testing methods to confirm the identity of meat products and eliminate food fraud regularly rely on PCR amplification of extracted DNA, with most published assays detecting mitochondrial sequences, providing sensitive presence/absence results. By targeting single-copy nuclear targets instead, relative quantification measurements are achievable, providing additional information on the proportions of meat species detected. In this Methods paper, new assays for horse, donkey, duck, kangaroo, camel, water buffalo and crocodile have been developed to expand the range of species that can be quantified, and a previously published reference assay targeting the myostatin gene has been modified to include marsupials and reptiles. The accuracy of this ratio measurement approach was demonstrated using dPCR with mixtures of meat DNA down to 0.1%. However, the limit of detection (LOD) of this approach is not just determined by the assay targets, but by the samples themselves, with food or feed ingredients and processing impacting the DNA yield and integrity. In routine testing settings, the myostatin assay can provide multiple quality control roles, including monitoring the yield and purity of extracted DNA, identifying the presence of additional meats not detected by the suite of species-specific assays and potentially estimating a sample-specific LOD based on measured copy numbers of the myostatin target. In addition to the myostatin positive control assay, a synthetic DNA reference material (RM) has been designed, containing PCR targets for beef, pork, sheep, chicken, goat, kangaroo, horse, water buffalo and myostatin, to be used as a positive template control. The availability of standardised measurement methods and associated RMs significantly improves the reliability, comparability and transparency of laboratory testing, leading to greater confidence in results.

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Emerging food safety risk of hepatotoxic indospicine in feral Australian camel meat

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Zoonotic Parasites in Feral Animals Commonly Consumed in Australia — Is There a Risk?

Zoonotic Parasites in Feral Animals Commonly Consumed in Australia — Is There a Risk?

The one-humped camel: The animal of future, potential alternative red meat, technological suitability and future perspectives

Development of Seven New dPCR Animal Species Assays and a Reference Material to Support Quantitative Ratio Measurements of Food and Feed Products

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