Emerging fungi causing human infection: new or better identified?

Roilides, Emmanuel

doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2016.07.023

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Emerging fungi are organisms with weak pathogenicity but can cause unusual diseases mainly in immunocompromised host (Roilides 2016). The most recent concern about emerging fungi is related to the role of climate change that may create enough environment pressure to trigger new fungal diseases (Nnadi and Carter 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purpureocillium lilacinum an emergent pathogen: antifungal susceptibility of environmental and clinical strains

Corrêa‐Moreira

Neto

Costa

et al. 2022

Letters in Applied Microbiology

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Purpureocillium lilacinum is a filamentous and hyaline fungus cosmopolitan, saprophytic, largely used in the biological control of plant‐parasitic nematodes and insects, also considered an emerging and opportunistic human pathogen. The standard treatment for hyalohyphomycosis caused by P. lilacinum is not yet defined, since this fungus is resistant to different antifungals, in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare in vitro antifungal activity against environmental and clinical P. lilacinum isolates and our results demonstrated that these isolates can be resistant to newer generation triazoles, such as voriconazole, and to caspofungin, a drug of the echinocandin class. In summary, we highlight the importance of knowing the different susceptibility profiles of P. lilacinum isolates, and besides that, the emergence of uncommon human and animal opportunistic fungi, such P. lilacinum, especially during COVID‐19, highlight the need for antifungal susceptibility testing of isolates since empirical therapy with different treatment schedules failed in great number of patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purpureocillium lilacinum an emergent pathogen: antifungal susceptibility of environmental and clinical strains

Corrêa‐Moreira

Neto

Costa

et al. 2022

Letters in Applied Microbiology

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“…The fact that fungi are evolutionarily close to their human host impairs the discovery of new compounds with selective action ( Seneviratne and Rosa, 2016 ). These factors associated with increases in antifungal resistance ( Pfaller, 2012 ), emergence of uncommon fungi ( Davoudi et al, 2015 ; Roilides, 2016 ), and high mortality rates ( Brown et al, 2012 ; Gaffi – Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections, 2016 ) have led the scientific community to search for other ways to improve drug targeting and efficacy while reducing adverse effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Use of Alginate-Based Carriers As Antifungal Delivery System

2017

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Fungal infections have become a major public health problem, growing in number and severity in recent decades due to an increase of immunocompromised patients. The use of therapeutic agents available to treat these fungal infections is limited by their toxicity, low bioavailability, antifungal resistance, and high cost of treatment. Thus, it becomes extremely important to search for new therapeutic options. The use of polymeric systems as drug carriers has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional formulations for antifungals. Alginate is a natural polymer that has been explored in the last decade for development of drug delivery systems due to its non-toxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, low cost, mucoadhesive, and non-immunogenic properties. Several antifungal agents have been incorporated in alginate-based delivery systems, including micro and nanoparticles, with great success, displaying promising in vitro and in vivo results for antifungal activities, reduction in the toxicity and the total drug dose used in the treatment, and improved bioavailability. This review aims at discussing the potential use and benefits of alginate-based nanocarriers and other delivery systems containing antifungal agents in the therapy of fungal infections.

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“…Fungi-Flow will improve our knowledge concerning the role of IgG in immune and mycobiome homeostasis or as a marker to characterize immune responses related to autoimmune diseases. This new method could also represent an important advance in the diagnosis of emerging fungal infections for which there are presently no diagnostic methods [50,51]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic anti-commensal response to fungi analyzed by flow cytometry is related to gut mycobiome ecology

et al. 2020

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Background Interest for the study of gut mycobiota in relation with human health and immune homeostasis has increased in the last years. From this perspective, new tools to study the immune/fungal interface are warranted. Systemic humoral immune responses could reflect the dynamic relationships between gut mycobiota and immunity. Using a novel flow cytometry technology (Fungi-Flow) to determine immunoglobulin (Ig) responses to fungi, we studied the relationships between gut mycobiota and systemic humoral anti-commensal immunity. Results The Fungi-Flow method allows a sensitive and specific measurement of systemic IgG responses against 17 commensal and environmental fungi from the two main divisions; Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. IgG responses exhibited a high inter-individual variability. Anti-commensal IgG responses were contrasted with the relative abundance, alpha-diversity, and intra-genus richness of fungal species in gut mycobiota of twenty healthy donors. Categorization of gut mycobiota composition revealed two differentiated fungal ecosystems. Significant difference of anti-Saccharomyces systemic IgG responses were observed in healthy donors stratified according to the fungal ecosystem colonizing their gut. A positive and significant correlation was observed between the variety of IgG responses against fungal commensals and intestinal alpha-diversity. At the level of intra-genus species richness, intense IgG responses were associated with a low intra-genus richness for known pathobionts, but not commensals. Conclusions Fungi-Flow allows an easy and reliable measure of personalized humoral responses against commensal fungi. Combining sequencing technology with our novel Fungi-Flow immunological method, we propose that there are at least two defined ecosystems in the human gut mycobiome associated with systemic humoral responses. Fungi-Flow opens new opportunities to improve our knowledge about the impact of mycobiota in humoral anti-commensal immunity and homeostasis.

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Emerging fungi causing human infection: new or better identified?

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Purpureocillium lilacinum an emergent pathogen: antifungal susceptibility of environmental and clinical strains

Purpureocillium lilacinum an emergent pathogen: antifungal susceptibility of environmental and clinical strains

Potential Use of Alginate-Based Carriers As Antifungal Delivery System

Systemic anti-commensal response to fungi analyzed by flow cytometry is related to gut mycobiome ecology

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