Emerging, hydrogen-driven electrochemical water purification

Suss, Matthew E.; Zhang, Yuan; Atlas, I.; Gendel, Youri; Ruck, Erez B.; Presser, Volker

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2022.107211

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The concept of chemical energy ED was tested with a variety of redox chemistries, including zinc–bromine, zinc–air, aluminum–air, hydrogen–oxygen, − and acid–base couples. In particular, the hydrogen–oxygen couple is promising, as it relies on relatively inexpensive gas-phase reactants, and the product of the chemical reaction is simply water (Figure a); cells that use the hydrogen–oxygen chemistry are termed “desalination fuel cells.” , Other chemistries that rely on liquid-phase reactants or that produce a waste product complicate disposal of the brine. , The hydrogen–oxygen chemistry, however, exhibits relatively low thermodynamic efficiency relative to other chemistries, such as zinc–bromine, mainly due to losses at electrodes attributed to (platinum) catalyst poisoning by halide ions in the brine (Figure c). , Therefore, a crucial area of research is the design and development of inexpensive catalyst materials tailored to long-term operation in desalination fuel cells.…”

Section: Electrokinetic Separationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Methods for Water Purification, Ion Separations, and Energy Conversion

et al. 2022

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Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water pollution is exacerbated by the decreasing ability of traditional treatment methods to comply with tightening environmental standards. This review provides a comprehensive description of the principles and applications of electrochemical methods for water purification, ion separations, and energy conversion. Electrochemical methods have attractive features such as compact size, chemical selectivity, broad applicability, and reduced generation of secondary waste. Perhaps the greatest advantage of electrochemical methods, however, is that they remove contaminants directly from the water, while other technologies extract the water from the contaminants, which enables efficient removal of trace pollutants. The review begins with an overview of conventional electrochemical methods, which drive chemical or physical transformations via Faradaic reactions at electrodes, and proceeds to a detailed examination of the two primary mechanisms by which contaminants are separated in nondestructive electrochemical processes, namely electrokinetics and electrosorption. In these sections, special attention is given to emerging methods, such as shock electrodialysis and Faradaic electrosorption. Given the importance of generating clean, renewable energy, which may sometimes be combined with water purification, the review also discusses inverse methods of electrochemical energy conversion based on reverse electrosorption, electrowetting, and electrokinetic phenomena. The review concludes with a discussion of technology comparisons, remaining challenges, and potential innovations for the field such as process intensification and technoeconomic optimization.

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Section: Electrokinetic Separationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Methods for Water Purification, Ion Separations, and Energy Conversion

et al. 2022

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“…This particularly applies to the emerging global hydrogen economy, where seawater is an abundant source of water used for hydrogen production. [ 32 ] So far, various desalination technologies have been explored, which could be divided into thermal methods (i.e., multieffect distillation, [ 33 ] multistage flash distillation [ 34 ] ), membrane‐based processes (such as reverse osmosis [ 35 ] ), and electrochemical methods (like electrodialysis, [ 36 ] capacitive deionization, [ 37 ] desalination batteries, [ 9,38 ] desalination fuel cells [ 39,40 ] ), according to the mechanism. Reverse osmosis is dominant in desalination with an energy consumption of 3–5 kWh m −3 , which consumes more than 70% of the energy of the whole seawater desalination plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual‐Use of Seawater Batteries for Energy Storage and Water Desalination

Arnold

Wang

Presser

2022

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“…ED is an established water desalination technology, which leverages an electric current applied normal to the feedwater flow direction and ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) placed along the flow direction to separate the feed stream into a desalinated stream and a brine stream (Figure a). , The applied electric field drives cation migration through cation-exchange membranes (CEMs) and anions through anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) to the brine channel. Recently, several novel ED cell and system architectures have been developed, including electrodeionization, shock-ED, , multistage ED, chemical energy-driven ED, − and bipolar membrane ED . Ion selectivity in ED can be achieved via careful design of the membranes, which can affect the population of certain ions within the membrane or the diffusion of ions through the membrane in a selective manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Ion Selectivity in Electrodialysis and Capacitive Deionization

Shocron

Roth

Guyes

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Ion-selective removal is an important frontier in water purification technologies. For many emerging applications, removing all ions indiscriminately can lead to excessive energy consumption, high levelized cost of water, poor effluent water quality, and increased waste brine volume. Electrodialysis and capacitive deionization are two electrochemical water purification technologies which are promising toward tunable, ion-selective purification. These technologies have fundamentally different ion removal mechanisms, as electrodialysis leverages electrodiffusion through ion-exchange membranes while capacitive deionization utilizes electrosorption into charged electrodes. We here provide a direct comparison of ion selectivity achieved by these two technologies, focusing on several important ion pairs. We highlight distinct differences in achieved selectivity between these technologies and provide theory results to connect such observations to ion removal mechanisms. Based on the experimental literature, we find that capacitive deionization demonstrates a wider range of achieved ion selectivities than electrodialysis for competing cations such as Na+ vs Ca2+ and Li+ vs Na+, while a wider range is observed for electrodialysis when separating anion pairs such as Cl– vs SO4 2– and Cl– vs NO3 –. We conclude with reviewing “knobs” that can be adjusted to tune the achieved selectivities by both technologies, and emphasize important questions that should be answered in future studies to improve the selectivity of both technologies.

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Emerging, hydrogen-driven electrochemical water purification

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Electrochemical Methods for Water Purification, Ion Separations, and Energy Conversion

Electrochemical Methods for Water Purification, Ion Separations, and Energy Conversion

Dual‐Use of Seawater Batteries for Energy Storage and Water Desalination

Comparison of Ion Selectivity in Electrodialysis and Capacitive Deionization

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