Emerging Infectious Diseases in Mongolia

Ebright, John R.; Altantsetseg, Togoo; Oyungerel, Ravdan

doi:10.3201/eid0912.020520

Cited by 80 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The result from our study was higher than the 0.1% to 10.1% reported among high-risk people in other countries, 10,15-21 which is not surprising as Mongolia is ranked second in the world for brucellosis incidence. 5 We also estimated a much higher incidence compared with that reported from notification data, 22 despite the fact that we have taken a conservative assumption that 20% of seropositive cases are clinical cases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 64%

Seroprevalence survey of brucellosis among rural people in Mongolia

Selenge

Baljinnyam²,

Suuri

et al. 2014

WPSAR

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Background: After the transition from socialism to a market economy in 1990, human brucellosis re-emerged in Mongolia. The aim of our study was to estimate a representative seroprevalence of Brucella spp. and to determine risk factors for brucellosis seropositivity among rural people. Methods:A cross-sectional study with multistage random selection was conducted in eight provinces of Mongolia. Study participants were interviewed using a questionnaire to obtain their brucellosis history, current symptoms and likely risk factors. Blood samples were drawn to determine brucellosis seroprevalence.Results: A total of 2856 randomly selected rural people aged four to 90 years were enrolled in the study. The seroprevalence of Brucella spp. was 11.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.0-12.1), ranging between 2.3% and 22.6% in the eight provinces; 39.2% (n = 609) of nomadic camps had at least one seropositive participant. Risk factors associated with brucellosis seropositivity were being older than 45 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 6.9, 95% CI = 5.1-8.7) and being a veterinarian (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.5-5.0). Conclusion:Our study confirms that human brucellosis seroprevalence among rural people in Mongolia is high. Human brucellosis can be effectively controlled if high-coverage livestock mass vaccination is implemented with a coverage survey after the vaccinations to ensure completeness. This mass vaccination should be accompanied by public awareness and educational programmes.

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confidence: 64%

Seroprevalence survey of brucellosis among rural people in Mongolia

Selenge

Baljinnyam²,

Suuri

et al. 2014

WPSAR

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“…A national seroepidemiologic survey in 2002 showed that 10-12% of the adult population and 5% of children younger than 5 years were HBsAg positive. Taiwan also has a high rate of HBsAg seroprevalence (10-14%) among its adult population, whereas prevalence rates in the Philippines are 2-16.5%, Vietnam and Thailand 14%, and Southeast Asia, Japan, Korea, and India at a more modest 2-5% [2,3,6,7,9,11,13]. In many developing countries, HBsAg seroprevalence also differs between urban and rural areas.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Chb Among Asian Women Of Childbearing Agementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rate of HBV infection is estimated to be 36-57% and HBsAg prevalence ranges from 3.8 to 16.8% in Mainland China, with higher rates observed in rural areas [1]. The seroprevalence of HBsAg among adults in other Asian countries has remained similar over the past two decades, ranging from 2 to 20% [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. CHB runs an insidious and often progressive course and, when left untreated, can lead to cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic hepatitis B in Asian women of childbearing age

Leung

2009

Hepatol Int

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious clinical problem affecting approximately 2 billion people worldwide. An estimated 350 million live with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection and are at an increased risk for serious liver sequelae and death from acute or chronic consequences of CHB infection. Individuals with CHB have a 20-30% risk of early death from complications, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the Asia-Pacific region, half of the CHB burden results from vertical or mother-to-child transmission, with early childhood horizontal transmission accounting for the remaining half. Screening and vaccination are key factors in the successful prevention and control of HBV infection. Over the last 20 years, the implementation of screening programs and universal HBV vaccination for all individuals born in endemic areas have reduced the prevalence of HBV infection and HBV-related liver diseases among individuals younger than 30 years. Women of childbearing age are key stakeholders in preventing HBV infection and, as such, play a critical role in reducing the vertical and horizontal transmission of HBV. Further efforts are needed to implement screening and educational programs for women of childbearing age, particularly those with CHB, to prevent the transmission of HBV to newborns, spouses, other household members, and sexual partners. In addition, healthcare workers need to learn how to avoid iatrogenic transmission in the healthcare setting. This article reviews these issues and highlights areas in which their engagement with public health efforts serves to improve quality of life and society as a whole.

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“…Although infected animals are not seen as infectious agents to be systematically eradicated, the Mongolian government has sought to impose this understanding since the first half of the twentieth century, a goal that has been reinforced since the country's accession to the World Organization of Animal Health. Many parasitic, bacterial, and viral animal diseases were under control during the Communist period (Ebright, Altantsetseg, and Oyungerel 2003;Odontsetseg, Mweene, and Kida 2005;Roth 2007;Zinsstag et al 2007). According to an NGO veterinarian, at that time, 'veterinarians were very well trained in Moscow and herders received an exemplary and complete animal health service', and some herders remember that era 'with nostalgia' (Ulaanbaatar, winter 2014).…”

Section: Foot-and-mouth Disease: Veterinarians Enter the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dealing with highly contagious animal diseases under neoliberal governmentality in Mongolia

Ruhlmann¹

2018

MAT

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In Mongolia, since the collapse of communism in 1990, the government has implemented a centralized system of veterinary care inherited from the Communist period that suffers from inadequate infrastructures. Highly contagious diseases chronically re-emerge, undermining the country, its economy, and the way of life of its affected inhabitants. Since the early 2000s, the government has put in place a new surveillance system that relies on nomadic herders as 'sentinels'. These herders combine popular perceptions and treatments of animal diseases with some veterinary practices and international standards of surveillance and control. But they sometimes refuse to cooperate with private veterinarians or report symptoms, out of a lack of trust in the system of financial compensation for culled herds, compensation that -if sufficient -would enable them to maintain a substantial herd and a nomadic way of life. This article argues that Mongolia constitutes a sort of laboratory to study a neoliberal governmentality toward animal diseases, where the capacities to manage diseases that spread across species (wild/domestic, animal/human) and political borders (regional, national, continental) are delegated to local actors (nomadic herders) who resort to compromises in order to address tensions with political leaders regarding how to control highly contagious animal diseases.

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Emerging Infectious Diseases in Mongolia

Cited by 80 publications

References 19 publications

Seroprevalence survey of brucellosis among rural people in Mongolia

Seroprevalence survey of brucellosis among rural people in Mongolia

Chronic hepatitis B in Asian women of childbearing age

Dealing with highly contagious animal diseases under neoliberal governmentality in Mongolia

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