Emerging Insects as a Biotic Pathway for Movement of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran From Lake Sediments

Fairchild, Wayne L.; Muir, Derek C. G.; Currie, Robert S.; Yarechewski, Alvin L.

doi:10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[867:eiaabp]2.0.co;2

Cited by 20 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Adult aquatic insects provide an important energy subsidy to riparian consumers (Baxter et al 2005, Ballinger andLake 2006), and likely play a key role in regulating the flow of contaminants between aquatic and riparian food webs. Benthic aquatic insects such as burrowing mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Hexagenia) and midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) bioaccumulate persistent contaminants from surrounding sediments as larvae (Larsson 1984, Gobas et al 1989) and retain contaminants upon emerging as adults (Larsson 1984, Fairchild et al 1992. Indeed, emergent aquatic insects transport substantial quantities of contaminants from aquatic sediments to terrestrial ecosystems due to bioaccumulation in larval tissue and high secondary production (Menzie 1980, Fairchild et al 1992.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benthic aquatic insects such as burrowing mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Hexagenia) and midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) bioaccumulate persistent contaminants from surrounding sediments as larvae (Larsson 1984, Gobas et al 1989) and retain contaminants upon emerging as adults (Larsson 1984, Fairchild et al 1992. Indeed, emergent aquatic insects transport substantial quantities of contaminants from aquatic sediments to terrestrial ecosystems due to bioaccumulation in larval tissue and high secondary production (Menzie 1980, Fairchild et al 1992. Walters et al (2008), for example, estimated that aquatic insects export 6.1 g PCB/yr from a 25-km reach of Twelvemile Creek, the stream that drains into the site of this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The distance that contaminated aquatic subsidies extend into lake riparian zones

Raikow

Walters

Fritz

et al. 2011

Ecological Applications

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Consumption of emergent aquatic insects by terrestrial invertebrates is a poorly resolved, but potentially important, mechanism of contaminant flux across ecosystem borders leading to contaminant exposure in terrestrial invertivores. We characterized the spatial extent and magnitude of contaminant transfer from aquatic sediments to terrestrial invertebrate predators by examining riparian araneid spiders, terrestrial insects, and emergent aquatic insects for stable isotopes and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, sum of 141 congeners) at Lake Hartwell, (Clemson, South Carolina, USA). PCB concentrations in aquatic insects were orders of magnitude higher than in terrestrial insects. Aquatic insect consumption by spiders (as indicated by delta13C and delta15N), PCB concentrations in spiders, and aquatic prey availability were greatest at the shoreline and declined inland, while terrestrial prey availability was invariant with distance. These patterns indicate PCB transfer to spiders through consumption of emergent aquatic insects extending to a distance of 5 m inland. Measurable, but much lower, PCBs were present in insect predators dominated by social wasps up to 30 m inland. These results illustrate the importance of emergent insects as vectors of contaminant transfer from lake sediments to riparian food webs, and that spiders are key predators in this process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distance that contaminated aquatic subsidies extend into lake riparian zones

Raikow

Walters

Fritz

et al. 2011

Ecological Applications

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“…tissues reflect local sediment contamination for those chemicals that transfer into the insect biota [19]. They also nest relatively densely so that adequate sample sizes can be obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure and effects of chemical contaminants on tree swallows nesting along the Housatonic River, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, USA, 1998–2000

Custer

Dummer

et al. 2003

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Hatching success of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) was assessed for three years in relation to chemical contamination along the Housatonic River, Berkshire County (MA, USA), in 1998, 1999, and 2000. Nest boxes were erected at five sites along the Housatonic River and its tributaries and at one reference location. Concentrations of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were some of the highest ever reported in bird eggs. Mean concentrations at sites along the Housatonic River ranged between 32 and 101 microg/g wet weight. A significant negative relationship was observed between concentrations of total PCBs in clutches and hatching success. A significant negative relationship was also observed between hatching success and the sum of the total dioxins and furans and the associated toxic equivalents (TEQs) for dioxins and furans. In a combined model with PCB TEQs and dioxin/furan TEQs, PCB TEQs were not significantly correlated to hatching success, whereas dioxin/furan TEQs were. Contamination of tree swallows was from local food sources. Accumulation rates of total PCBs in 12-d-old nestlings averaged between 34 and 76 microg/d at the sites along the main stem of the Housatonic River compared to <1 microg/d at the reference location.

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“…Field sparging was conducted for 14 to 20 h in two TCDF-treated lake enclosures in August 1990 and August 1991. The enclosures, situated in the littoral zone of Lake 375 of the Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario, had been treated with 10.4 pg of [3H]-2378-TCDF in June 1989, as described by Fairchild et al [17].…”

Section: Field Sparging Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ongoing studies in lake enclosures treated with tritiated 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (2378-TCDF) provided a unique opportunity to test the suitability of gas sparging for determination of the aqueous fugacity of a very hydrophobic contaminant under field conditions [15,17]. The specific objectives of this study were to measure the Henry's law constant of 2378-TCDF, to determine the apparent dissolved water concentrations of 2378-TCDF in lake enclosures by gas sparging, and to validate the results with an independent solvent extraction technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for particle‐mediated transport of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzofuran during gas sparging of natural water

Friesen

Loewen

Fairchild

et al. 1993

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Gas sparging was conducted in lake enclosures previously treated with [4,6‐3H]‐2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) to determine the fugacity or dissolved concentration of this hydrophobic contaminant under field conditions. Using a Henry's law constant for TCDF of 1.7 ± 0.8 Pa.m3/mol, measured experimentally by gas sparging, apparent dissolved TCDF concentrations of 7 to 22 pg/L were determined. These results were 100 times greater than concentrations of TCDF obtained by extraction of water samples from the same enclosures with dichloromethane. TCDF was found to be highly associated with naturally occurring particles in the water column, with 40% of sorbed TCDF associated with the 0.1‐ to 3‐μm size fraction. The results are interpreted in light of previous reports that indicate that bubbles are effective scavengers of bacteria and particulates in natural waters, transporting these solids across the water/air interface as bubbles burst at the water surface. In the laboratory addition of a yeast suspension increased the amount of TCDF sparged from aqueous solutions, confirming that particle‐mediated movement of highly sorbed contaminants can influence apparent water concentrations measured by gas sparging of natural waters.

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Emerging Insects as a Biotic Pathway for Movement of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran From Lake Sediments

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

The distance that contaminated aquatic subsidies extend into lake riparian zones

The distance that contaminated aquatic subsidies extend into lake riparian zones

Exposure and effects of chemical contaminants on tree swallows nesting along the Housatonic River, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, USA, 1998–2000

Evidence for particle‐mediated transport of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzofuran during gas sparging of natural water

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