Emerging Knowledge of the Neurobiology of COVID-19

Butler, Matthew; Cross, Benjamin; Hafeez, Danish; Lim, Mao Fong; Morrin, Hamilton; Rengasamy, Emma Rachel; Pollak, Thomas A; Nicholson, Timothy R

doi:10.1016/j.psc.2021.11.001

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…N-methyl-D-aspartate and glutamate upregulation is induced by quinolinic acid. This possibly induces a variety of CNS manifestations, including altered memory [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Central Nervous System Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Health Consequences of SARS-CoV-2: Assumptions Based on SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV Infections

Khaswal

Kumar

2022

Diagnostics

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Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is one of the worst pandemics in the history of the world. It is the third coronavirus disease that has afflicted humans in a short span of time. The world appears to be recovering from the grasp of this deadly pandemic; still, its post-disease health effects are not clearly understood. It is evident that the vast majority of COVID-19 patients usually recovered over time; however, disease manifestation is reported to still exist in some patients even after complete recovery. The disease is known to have left irreversible damage(s) among some patients and these damages are expected to cause mild or severe degrees of health effects. Apart from the apparent damage to the lungs caused by SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19-surviving patients display a wide spectrum of dysfunctions in different organ systems that is similar to what occurs with SARS-CoV-1 and MERS diseases. The major long COVID-19 manifestations include the following aspects: (1) central nervous system, (2) cardiovascular, (3) pulmonary, (4) gastrointestinal, (5) hematologic, (6) renal and (7) psycho-social systems. COVID-19 has a disease display manifestation in these organs and its related systems amongst a large number of recovered cases. Our study highlights the expected bodily consequences of the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection based on the understanding of the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV.

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“…N-methyl-D-aspartate and glutamate upregulation is induced by quinolinic acid. This possibly induces a variety of CNS manifestations, including altered memory [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Central Nervous System Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Health Consequences of SARS-CoV-2: Assumptions Based on SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV Infections

Khaswal

Kumar

2022

Diagnostics

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“…It has been seen that some patients who are recovered from COVID-19 still experience varying symptoms like fatigue, long-standing headaches, impaired cognition, generalized malaise, various psychiatric conditions, and many more. Therefore, this long-standing trail of symptoms is referred to as long COVID [ 5 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common symptoms experienced include; fatigue, headache, cognitive impairments, weakness, myalgia, poor concentration, and sleep disturbances [3][4][5][6]. The most likely mechanism through which this virus enters the brain is the angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor, thus causing profuse cytokine syndrome resulting in damage to the cells [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Just When We Thought That COVID Was Over - A Systematic Review

Tariq¹,

Acharekar²,

Saldivia³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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As the globe continues to grapple and scuffle with new emerging strains of COVID every day, a set of recovered patients continue to show persistent enervating symptoms. Many patients never fully recovered after COVID and had neurological and psychiatric symptoms for weeks or months. The emphasis of our study is on these long haulers, particularly on the two critical organ systems of the body, i.e., the central nervous system and the muscular system. Depending upon the severity of the disease, many signs and symptoms continue to linger, ranging from weeks to months.A total of 29 studies are included in our review after thorough screening, application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, and quality appraisals. The total number of patients included is 6012.We found many long-term effects, but the emphasis of our study continued to remain on the two main organ systems that resulted in prolonged COVID with debilitating symptoms and thus affected the quality of life of these patients. Various factors and underlying pathophysiologic manifestations result in the predominance of these signs and symptoms.Furthermore, the patient's underlying medical conditions and other environmental factors may add to it. More focus is required on the quality of life post-COVID, and this requires a team of specialists. There are still many unanswered questions like which ethnicity is affected more, why females are more prone to the long symptoms, and the effects of various treatments on the long-term signs and symptoms.

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“…Neurological features are well recognised after Covid19. These include changes in grey matter [20] altered smell and taste and cognitive difficulties [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptom variation, correlations, and relationship to physical activity in Long Covid: intensive longitudinal study

Burton

Dawes

Goodwill

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background People with Long Covid (Post-Acute Sequelae of Covid-19) describe multiple symptoms which vary between and within individuals over relatively short time intervals. We aimed to describe the real-time associations between different symptoms and between symptoms and physical activity at the individual patient level. Methods and Findings Intensive longitudinal study of 82 adults with self-reported Long Covid (median duration 12-18 months). Data collection involved a smartphone app with 5 daily entries over 14 days and continuous wearing of a wrist accelerometer. Data items included 7 symptoms (Visual Analog Scales) and perceived demands in the preceding period (Likert scales). Activity was measured using mean acceleration in the 3-hour periods preceding and following app data entry. Analysis used within-person correlations of symptoms pairs and both pooled and individual symptom networks derived from graphical vector autoregression. App data was suitable for analysis from 74 participants (90%) comprising 4022 entries representing 77.6% of possible entries. Symptoms varied substantially within individuals and were only weakly auto-correlated. The strongest between-subject symptom correlations were of fatigue with pain (partial coefficient 0.5) and cognitive difficulty with light-headedness (0.41). Pooled within-subject correlations showed fatigue correlated with cognitive difficulty (partial coefficient 0.2) pain (0.19) breathlessness (0.15) and light-headedness (0.12) but not anxiety. Cognitive difficulty was correlated with anxiety and light-headedness (partial coefficients 0.16 and 0.17). Individual participant correlation heatmaps and symptom networks showed no clear patterns indicative of distinct phenotypes. Symptoms, including fatigue, were inconsistently correlated with prior or subsequent physical activity: this may reflect adjustment of activity in response to symptoms. Delayed worsening of symptoms after the highest activity peak was observed in 7 participants. Conclusion: Symptoms of Long Covid vary within individuals over short time scales, with heterogenous patterns of symptom correlation. The findings are compatible with altered central symptom processing as an additional factor in Long Covid.

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Emerging Knowledge of the Neurobiology of COVID-19

Cited by 15 publications

References 113 publications

Long-Term Health Consequences of SARS-CoV-2: Assumptions Based on SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV Infections

Long-Term Health Consequences of SARS-CoV-2: Assumptions Based on SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV Infections

Just When We Thought That COVID Was Over - A Systematic Review

Symptom variation, correlations, and relationship to physical activity in Long Covid: intensive longitudinal study

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