Emerging microRNA biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnosis and prognosis

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one abundant class of small, endogenous non-coding RNAs, which regulate various biological processes by inhibiting expression of target genes. miRNAs have important functional roles in carcinogenesis and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), and emerging evidence has indicated the feasibility of miRNAs as robust cancer biomarkers. This review summarizes the progress in miRNA-related research, including study of its oncogene or tumour-suppressor roles and the advantages of miRNA biomarkers for CRC diagnosis, treatment and recurrence prediction. Along with analytical technique improvements in miRNA research, use of the emerging extracellular miRNAs is feasible for CRC diagnosis and prognosis.

Potential diagnostic value of miRNAs in peripheral blood for osteosarcoma: A meta-analysis

“…Several studies have shown that miRNAs was involved in the development and metastasis of various cancers, and plays an important role in tumorigenesis and homeostasis [17] , [18] . In recent years, many literatures pointed out that miRNAs can be used as a biomarker for cancer or tumors in the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer [19] , ovarian cancer [20] , gastric cancer [21] , and colorectal cancer [22] . Peripheral blood miRNAs may be derived from the lysis of apoptotic tumor cells, blood cells, macrophages, etc [23] .…”

<p>miR-100 Inhibits Cell Growth and Proliferation by Targeting HOXA1 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma</p>

“…3 Many studies demonstrate that miRNA expression changes significantly in various tumors, making it as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis, subclassify, and prognosis prediction. [4][5][6] More importantly, the changed miRNAs play very important roles in the process of tumorigenesis, development, and progression. [7][8][9] It has been also found that miRNA expression is dysregulated in NPC, [10][11][12] and the dysregulated miRNAs can promote NPC cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis, including miR-125b, miR-506, miR-142-3p, miR-23a, and so on.…”

Analysis of microRNA-34a expression profile and rs2666433 variant in colorectal cancer: a pilot study

“…Given the advancement in the "high-throughput genome-wide profiling" and "screening technologies", newly emerged miRNA signatures and several "miRNA-mRNA" crosstalk have been identified in CRC 21 . An example of those signatures is the MIR34A gene expression, which plays a critical role in all stages of colorectal carcinogenesis, starting from colon epithelium proliferation, dysplasia, early/late adenoma, and progression to malignant neoplasm (Fig.…”