“…According to Wernerfelt (1984), resources can be tangible or intangible and include everything that could be thought of as a strength of a given firm and which allow the MNE to appropriate rent by undertaking FDI (Hymer, 1960;1976). However, the extant literature suggests that firms originating from emerging economies may typically lack the FSAs required to succeed in foreign markets (Child & Rodrigues, 2005;Gammeltoft, Barnard, & Madhok, 2010;Isobe, Makino, & Montgomery, 2000;Mathews, 2006;Miller, Thomas, Eden, & Hitt, 2009). This deficiency is attributed to the country of origin effect (Wang, Clegg, & Kafouros, 2009) because emerging economies are typically characterised by weak human and entrepreneurial resources (Khanna & Palepu, 2000;Meyer, Estrin, Bhaumik, & Peng, 2009;Peng, 2003), inferior technological resources (Dunning, Kim, & Park, 2008), and less effective marketing resources (Duysters et al, 2009).…”