Emerging opportunistic yeast infections

Miceli, Marisa H.; Diaz, José A.; Lee, Samuel A.

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70218-8

Cited by 703 publications

(668 citation statements)

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“…C. albicans and C. glabrata were the most frequently identified combination of yeast infections in our study. This combination was also reported in mixed candidemia by MICELI et al 26 .…”

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confidence: 78%

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Oral colonization by yeasts in HIV-positive patients in Brazil

Junqueira

Vilela

Rossoni

et al. 2012

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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INTRODUCTION: In HIV-infected patients, colonization of the oral cavity by potential pathogenic yeast may lead to development of systemic fungemia. We evaluated the prevalence of yeast in the oral cavity of Brazilian HIV-positive patients and verified whether or not the species characterized were enzymatically active. Furthermore, the species identified were tested for their susceptibility to antifungal treatment. METHODS: Patient saliva and oropharyngeal candidiasis samples were collected from 60 seropositive HIV patients and identified by the API20C system. Enzymatic activity was evaluated by the production of proteinase and phospholipase. Susceptibility to antifungal treatments were determined using the broth microdilution method. RESULTS: the most commonly isolated species were C. albicans (51.56%) followed by non-albicans Candida species (43.73%), Trichosporon mucoides (3.12%) and Kodamaea ohmeri (1.56%). Oral colonization by association of different species was observed in 42% of the patients. Enzymatic activity was verified in most of species isolated, except for C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae and C. guilliermondii. Resistance to Fluconazole and Amphotericin B was observed in isolates of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, and K. ohmeri. CONCLUSION: HIV-positive patients are orally colonized by single or multiple species of yeast that are occasionally resistant to Fluconazole or Amphotericin B.

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“…C. albicans and C. glabrata were the most frequently identified combination of yeast infections in our study. This combination was also reported in mixed candidemia by MICELI et al 26 .…”

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confidence: 78%

“…albicans is the predominant species associated with mucosal and systemic fungal infections from yeast 18,26 . Nevertheless, the epidemiology of yeast infection is rapidly evolving and non-albicans Candida species as well as rare yeasts have emerged as major opportunistic pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral colonization by yeasts in HIV-positive patients in Brazil

Junqueira

Vilela

Rossoni

et al. 2012

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…Trichosporon asahii (three cases) and Geotrichum capitatum (two cases) have emerged causing to death among our patients with blood stream infections. Trichosporon was reported as the second most common cause of disseminated yeast infections which can also cause to break through under CAS treatment as in our study [30]. Although catheter removal is recommended after identifying the fungemia, catheter removal by 24 or 48 h after treatment initiation was reported to have no effect on overall treatment response, mortality and mycological eradication in 842 patients with candidemia [31][32][33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Novel Antifungal Drugs Against Fungal Pathogens: Do They Provide Promising Results for Treatment?

Gedık

Şimşek

Yıldırmak

et al. 2014

Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus

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The febrile neutropenia episodes of hematological patients and their outcomes were evaluated with respect to fungal pathogens and antifungal therapy in this retrospective study. All patients, who were older than 14 years of age and developed at least one neutropenic episode after chemotherapy due to hematological cancer from November 2010 to November 2012, were included into the study. We retrospectively collected demographic, treatment, and survival data of 126 patients with neutropenia and their 282 febrile episodes. The mean Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer score was 17.18 ± 8.27. Systemic antifungal drugs were initiated in 22 patients with 30 culture-proven invasive fungal infections (IFIs), 25 attacks of 19 patients with probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), 42 attacks of 38 patients with possible IPA, and 31 attacks of 30 patients with suspected IFI. Voriconazole (VOR), caspofungin and liposomal amphotericin B were used to treat 72 episodes of 65 patients, 45 episodes of 37 patients and 34 episodes of 32 patients as a first-line therapy, respectively. Unfavorable conditions of our hematology ward are thought to increase the number of cases with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and VOR use. It should be taken into consideration that increased systemic and per oral VOR usage predisposes patients to colonization and infection with azole-resistant fungal strains. Catheters should be removed in cases where patients' conditions are convenient to remove it. Acute myeloblastic leukemia cases that are more likely to develop invasive fungal infections should be monitored closely for early diagnosis and timely initiation of antifungal drugs which directly correlates with survival rates.

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“…However, the mechanisms underlying the operation of this unique innate immune system remains elusive, and the interactions between houseflies and pathogens require further studies. C. albicans is an opportunistic fungus that can cause deep fungal infections and severely harm human health (Miceli et al 2011). However, it is an exogenous and non-symbiotc fungus in a housefly (Phoku et al 2014), furthermore, there was no direct evidence that Candida albicans is a natural pathogen of M. domestica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Observation and Expression Patterns of antimicrobial peptides during Fungal Infection in Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae

Xiu

Wang

et al. 2016

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Housefly, Musca domestica, has a complicated immune system. However, its underlying operating mechanism remains elusive. Candida albicans is a major pathogen affecting humans by causing deep infection fungous disease, but it is non-symbiotic in houseflies. To investigate the C. albicans infection process in housefly, the changes in morphological and histological and expression patterns of antimicrobial peptide were monitored to indicate the insect's response to fungal infection. The results showed that scattered brown spots were comprising melanized encapsulation and encapsulated fungal cells were initially observed at the inner side of larvae's body wall 3 h postinfection (PI). Between 6 and 36 h PI, the whole body of larvae was densely covered with the brown spots, which then gradually disappeared. The majority had disappeared at 48 h PI. Some fungi colonized in the gaps between the body wall and the muscle layer, as well as among muscle fibers of the muscle layer at 12 h PI and hyphal was observed at 18 h PI. These fungi colonized distribution changed from a continuous line to scattered spots at 24 h PI and virtually disappeared at 48 h. The results of quantitative PCR analysis revealed that in coordination with the variation during the infection, the expression levels of four antimicrobial peptides were up-regulated. In conclusion, C. albicans infection in M. domestica larvae involved the following stages: injection, infection, immune response and elimination of the pathogen. The rapid response of antimicrobial peptides, melanized encapsulation and agglutination played a vital role against the pathogenic invasion.

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Emerging opportunistic yeast infections

Cited by 703 publications

References 104 publications

Oral colonization by yeasts in HIV-positive patients in Brazil

Oral colonization by yeasts in HIV-positive patients in Brazil

Novel Antifungal Drugs Against Fungal Pathogens: Do They Provide Promising Results for Treatment?

Histological Observation and Expression Patterns of antimicrobial peptides during Fungal Infection in Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae

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