Emerging organic contaminants in shallow groundwater underlying two contrasting peri-urban areas in Uganda

Twinomucunguzi, Felix R. B.; Nyenje, Philip M.; Kulabako, Robinah; Semiyaga, Swaib; Foppen, Jan Willem; Kansiime, Frank

doi:10.1007/s10661-021-08975-6

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Studies indicated the presence of hydrocarbon compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and benzene, in soil and air samples in Uganda (63,65). These compounds are released from activities such as vehicle emissions, industrial processes, and burning of biomass.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Pollutants in Uganda: A Systematic Review

Baguma,

Bamanya,

Gonzaga

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Emerging pollutants pose significant threats to Uganda's ecosystems and public health amidst rapid urbanization, industrial growth, and intensified agriculture. This systematic review comprehensively assessed these pollutants by analyzing existing Ugandan literature and research studies, revealing various types in different environmental compartments. These pollutants, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, industrial chemicals, heavy metals, radionuclides, biotoxins, disinfection byproducts, hydrocarbons, and microplastics, originate from urban, industrial, and agricultural regions. Wastewater and improper waste disposal are major contributors. From an initial search of 794 articles across multiple databases such as PubMed, African Journal Online (AJOL), Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, 138 were found relevant. The review underscores potential ecological and health impacts, including antibiotic resistance, endocrine disruption, and carcinogenicity. Existing monitoring and regulation efforts are discussed, alongside the need for specific regulations, improved data collection, and public awareness campaigns. Recommendations include advanced wastewater treatment, sustainable agriculture, and source control measures. Emphasis is placed on further research to address knowledge gaps and develop effective policies and interventions. Uganda can mitigate these risks by implementing comprehensive monitoring, robust regulations, and sustainable practices, safeguarding the environment and public health.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Pollutants in Uganda: A Systematic Review

Baguma,

Bamanya,

Gonzaga

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The prevalence of E. coli in water matrices has been widely accepted as an indicator of fecal contamination from warm-blooded animals [2,3,54]. The land-use within the immediate catchment is predominantly low-cost residential, relying on OSS [10,11,44]. The study showed that the majority of the sampled sources tested positive for E. coli, demonstrating contamination by fecal matter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The climate is generally a tropical rainforest climate, modified by the Lake Victoria Basin, with a bimodal rainfall pattern. The rainy season falls in the months of March-May and October-December [44]. The main water sources for the community include the municipal water supply, groundwater sources (springs, boreholes, and traditional wells), and, to a lesser extent, rainwater harvesting options [11,45].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Socio-Institutional Drivers of Groundwater Contamination Hazards: The Case of On-Site Sanitation in the Bwaise Informal Settlement, Kampala, Uganda

Twinomucunguzi

Silvestri

Kinobe

et al. 2021

Water

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Socio-institutional factors are poorly addressed in the risk assessment of groundwater contamination. This paper contributes to the development of a socio-institutional assessment framework based on a case study of contamination by on-site sanitation (OSS) in an informal settlement of Bwaise (Kampala, Uganda). We conducted a snapshot survey of the recent extent of groundwater contamination by OSS using microbial and hydro-chemical indicators. Through transition arenas and key informant interviews, we investigated the socio-institutional drivers of the contamination. Overall, 14 out of the 17 sampled groundwater sources tested positive for Escherichia coli during the wet season. Nitrate concentrations at four sources exceeded the World Health Organization guideline value (50 mg/L), attributed to OSS. Despite the high contamination, the community highly valued groundwater as an alternative to the intermittent municipal water supply. We deduced six drivers of groundwater contamination, including land-use management, user attributes, governance, infrastructure management, groundwater valuation, and the operating environment (“LUGIVE”). Qualitative indicators for each of the drivers were also construed, and their interlinkages presented in a causal loop diagram, representing a socio-institutional assessment framework. The framework can help policymakers and the community to analyze various socio-institutional control levers to reduce the risk of groundwater contamination by OSS in informal settlements.

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“…Anthracene is used in the production of dyes, paints, insecticides, wood preservatives, herbicides, plant growth regulators, and fluorescent dyes. Anthracene is also produced by emissions from incomplete combustion and is a well‐known pollutant in ecosystems, 1 being commonly found in oil‐polluted sites, 2 surface and groundwater, 3,4 and soils 5 . It is also a major contaminant in tobacco smoke and gasoline 6,7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clear evidence of the carcinogenic potential of anthracene: A 2‐year feeding study in rats and mice

Takeda

Suzuki

Kano

et al. 2022

Environmental Toxicology

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Anthracene is an environmental pollutant and its adverse effects on human health have long been a concern due to its persistence and bioaccumulation properties.However, there is insufficient evidence for its chronic toxicity, especially carcinogenicity, in either humans or experimental animals. In this study, its carcinogenicity and chronic toxicity were investigated in compliance with the OECD test guideline 451 (OECD TG 451) and Good Laboratory Practice Standards. Fifty male and 50 female F344 rats and 50 female BDF1 mice were administrated 0, 8000, 20000, or 50000 ppm anthracene in the diet for 104 weeks, and 50 male BDF1 mice were fed diets containing anthracene at 0, 3200, 8000, or 20000 ppm. Anthracene treatment had no adverse effect on either the survival rate or general condition of the rats or mice during the study period. Body weights were lower or tended to be lower in the anthracene-treated groups than in the control groups. Increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatocellular adenoma was observed in male rats and female mice. Renal cell carcinoma and renal cell adenoma, fibroadenoma in the mammary gland, and uterine endometrial stromal sarcoma were increased in female rats.Transitional cell carcinoma and transitional cell papilloma in the urinary bladder were also increased in male and female rats. In addition, several different pre-neoplastic lesions were increased in the anthracene-treated male and female rats and female mice. These results provide clear evidence that oral administration of anthracene for 104 weeks has a carcinogenic effect in male and female rats and female mice.

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Emerging organic contaminants in shallow groundwater underlying two contrasting peri-urban areas in Uganda

Cited by 22 publications

References 52 publications

Emerging Pollutants in Uganda: A Systematic Review

Emerging Pollutants in Uganda: A Systematic Review

Socio-Institutional Drivers of Groundwater Contamination Hazards: The Case of On-Site Sanitation in the Bwaise Informal Settlement, Kampala, Uganda

Clear evidence of the carcinogenic potential of anthracene: A 2‐year feeding study in rats and mice

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