Emerging Pathogen Threats in Transfusion Medicine: Improving Safety and Confidence with Pathogen Reduction Technologies

Cardoso, Marcia; Ragan, Izabela; Hartson, Lindsay; Goodrich, Raymond P.

doi:10.3390/pathogens12070911

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 139 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…Safety characteristics of various PRT technologies are typically assessed in in vitro studies using platelets spiked with various microbial agents [ 22 , 23 ]. In these testing modalities, very high titers of microbes are spiked into human blood products, and several log-reduction effects are typically reported following the treatment as a marker of the efficacy of the PRT employed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Preclinical Validation of 405 nm Light Parasiticidal Efficacy on Leishmania donovani in Ex Vivo Platelets in a Rag2−/− Mouse Model

Kaldhone,

Azodi,

Markle

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Violet–blue light of 405 nm in the visible spectrum at a dose of 270 J/cm2 alone has been shown to be an effective microbicidal tool for inactivating several bacteria, HIV-1, and Trypanosoma cruzi in ex vivo plasma and platelets. Unlike chemical- and ultraviolet (UV)-based pathogen inactivation methods for plasma and platelet safety, 405 nm light is shown to be less toxic to host cells at light doses that are microbicidal. In this report, we evaluated the parasiticidal activity of a 405 nm light treatment on platelets spiked with the Leishmania donovani parasite. Following the light treatment, parasite viability was observed to be near zero in both low- and high-titer-spiked platelets relative to controls. Furthermore, to test the residual infectivity after inactivation in vivo, the light-treated low-titer L. donovani-spiked platelets were evaluated in an immunodeficient Rag2−/− mouse model and monitored for 9 weeks. The parasiticidal efficacy of 405 nm light was evident from the lack of a presence of parasites in the mice spleens. Parasiticidal activity was confirmed to be mediated through 405 nm light-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), as quantitatively measured by a 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA)-based assay. Overall, these results confirm the complete inactivation of L. donovani spiked in ex vivo platelets by 405 nm light treatment and exemplify the utility of the Rag2−/− mouse infection model for the preclinical validation of the parasiticidal efficacy of 405 nm light and this light-based technology as a potential PRT for ex vivo platelets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%