Emerging Perovskite Materials with Different Nanostructures for Photodetectors

Abstract

In recent years, solution‐processed lead trihalide perovskites have been widely used as semiconductors in photodetectors with their salient features of tunable direct bandgap, long carrier lifetime, extended diffusion length, and high carrier mobility, etc. For the photodetector application, perovskites with different structures ranging from the traditional 3D perovskites to the emerging 2D perovskites, to 1D nanowires, and to 0D quantum dots, have been synthesized. In this perspective, the recent advances in the strategies of preparing novel lead trihalide perovskites with different nanostructures are summarized together with an overview on their application in photodetectors including photoconductors, photodiodes, and phototransistors. The semiconductor selection and structure–performance relationships of various photodetectors over the past 5 years are discussed comprehensively. Finally, a brief summary as well as an in‐depth discussion regarding the current challenges and perspectives for the future development of perovskite‐based photodetectors is presented.

High-Performance Photodetectors Based on Nanostructured Perovskites

“…There have been some reviews on nanostructured perovskite-based photodetectors. Gu et al [45] focus on the effect of elemental composition and dimensionality of the perovskite materials on photodetector performance. Wang et al [46] systematically summarized the synthesis, optoelectronic properties, and performance of photodetectors based on low-dimensional perovskites.…”

“…In this study, we will review research results in nanostructured perovskite-based photodetectors, focusing on the photodetection performance and potential mechanism. It is well known that the electrons of nanostructured perovskite are quantum confined in three directions for 0D QDs, two directions for 1D nanowires (NWs), and one direction for 2D nanosheets [45]. The band structures of the nanostructured perovskite could be heavily influenced by the quantum size effect induced by dimensionality constraint, and thus deeply affect the optoelectronic properties.…”

Engineering Chemical Vapor Deposition for Lead‐Free Perovskite‐Inspired MA3Bi2I9 Self‐Powered Photodetectors with High Performance and Stability

“…Metal‐halide perovskite photodetectors have emerged as a highly attractive alternative to conventional photodetector technologies for the realization of ubiquitous light sensing for the ongoing Internet of Things (IoT) revolution. [ 1–4 ] In particular, lead‐iodide‐based perovskites are a rising star for diverse optoelectronic applications due to their broad spectral absorption, high charge carrier mobility, long carrier lifetimes, small exciton binding energy, and long exciton diffusion lengths. [ 1–6 ] Although lead‐based perovskites deliver high optoelectronic and photodetector performance, they raise toxicity concerns due to their lead content.…”

“…[ 1–4 ] In particular, lead‐iodide‐based perovskites are a rising star for diverse optoelectronic applications due to their broad spectral absorption, high charge carrier mobility, long carrier lifetimes, small exciton binding energy, and long exciton diffusion lengths. [ 1–6 ] Although lead‐based perovskites deliver high optoelectronic and photodetector performance, they raise toxicity concerns due to their lead content. [ 7–9 ] This has motivated the search for low‐toxicity and stable lead‐free perovskite‐inspired materials (PIMs) with similar optoelectronic properties.…”

“…[ 7–11 ] Specifically, in the context of photodetector applications, it is particularly important to develop lead‐free PIMs that deliver photodetectors with high responsivity and excellent stability and that are fabricated with a scalable process. [ 1–4,7,12 ] Moreover, with a view to seamlessly embedding such photodetectors in everyday objects and environments for the ongoing Internet of Things (IoT) revolution, it is desirable to develop lead‐free perovskite‐inspired photodetectors that can operate with a bias voltage of 0 V. Indeed, this would enable batteryless, self‐powered operation, ultimately delivering easy‐to‐use and environmentally friendly light sensing. [ 1–4,7,12 ]…”