Emerging Prebiotic Carbohydrates

Crittenden, Ross

doi:10.1002/9780470023150.ch5

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) can be considered emerging prebiotics. The evidence of the prebiotic properties of XOS published to date are promising, but still not sufficient for a prebiotic status (Crittenden, 2006;Gibson et al, 2004;Roberfroid, 2007). XOS are made up of xylose units and can be produced by enzymatic hydrolysis from xylan, which is the major component of plant hemicelluloses and therefore readily available in nature (Domínguez et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylo-oligosaccharides enhance the growth of bifidobacteria and Bifidobacterium lactis in a simulated colon model

Mäkeläinen¹,

Forssten²,

Saarinen³

et al. 2010

Beneficial Microbes

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A semi-continuous, anaerobic colon simulator, with four vessels mimicking the conditions of the human large intestine, was used to study the fermentation of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS). Three XOS compounds and a xylan preparation were fermented for 48 hours by human colonic microbes. Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) were used as a prebiotic reference. As a result of the fermentation, the numbers of Bifidobacterium increased in all XOS and xylan simulations when compared to the growth observed in the baseline simulations, and increased levels of Bifidobacterium lactis were measured with the two XOS compounds that had larger distribution of the degree of polymerisation. Fermentation of XOS and xylan increased the microbial production of short chain fatty acids in the simulator vessels; especially the amounts of butyrate and acetate were increased. XOS was more efficient than FOS in increasing the numbers of B. lactis in the colonic model, whereas FOS increased the Bifidobacterium longum numbers more. The selective fermentation of XOS by B. lactis has been demonstrated in pure culture studies, and these results further indicate that the combination of B. lactis and XOS would form a successful, selective synbiotic combination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylo-oligosaccharides enhance the growth of bifidobacteria and Bifidobacterium lactis in a simulated colon model

Mäkeläinen¹,

Forssten²,

Saarinen³

et al. 2010

Beneficial Microbes

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“…Not all studies, however, report a bifi dogenic response by resistant starches (Bird et al 2004 ) . Although it is evident that resistant starch is not digested by mammalian enzymes and can be fermented, the largest question remaining as to its prebiotic potential is its selectivity, as many other bacterial species are amylolytic, and many of the health benefi ts of resistant starch can be attributed to the production of butyrate (Crittenden 2006 ) .…”

Section: Manufacture Of Potential Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2.4 Commercial production of xylooligosaccharides, which are most commonly from corncobs but also can be extracted from hardwood. Xylooligosaccharides are extracted by hydrolyzing xylans in the starting material using endo-1,4-b -xylanase and excessive fl atulence (Crittenden 2006 ) . Polysaccharides also have the potential of being fermented throughout the length of the colon, including the distal colon, the major site of large bowel disease.…”

Section: Manufacture Of Potential Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotics of Plant and Microbial Origin

Boler

Fahey

2011

Direct-Fed Microbials and Prebiotics for Animals

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The food industry is constantly shifting focus based on what is most important to the consumer. Products are marketed currently that are believed to provide health benefi ts to the consumer such as benefi cial effects on health or as disease preventatives. Much of the focus is on oligosaccharides as health-promoting substrates. Many oligosaccharides are resistant to digestion and absorption by mammalian enzymes and, therefore, reach the large bowel where they may be fermented by the resident bacteria. Beyond their potential as substrates for fermentation, oligosaccharides are popular food additives due in large part to their low caloric value and their ability to enhance mineral absorption. Health benefi ts include alleviation of constipation, reduced risk of infection and diarrhea, and improved immune response. Many oligosaccharides modulate microbiota of the large bowel by increasing bifi dobacteria and lactobacilli populations and decreasing clostridia populations. This review will describe the manufacturing processes for select non-digestible oligosaccharides and other food ingredients currently classifi ed as prebiotics and those with prebiotic potential.

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“…Lactosucrose marketing has received particular interest in Japan where over 30 food products containing this prebiotic ingredient have been certified as food for specified health use, being Ensuiko Sugar Refining and Hayashibara Shoji the two major manufacturers. Besides Japan, lactosucrose is also marketed in the United States followed by Europe as it can be considered an emerging prebiotic (Crittenden, 2006 ; Rastall, 2010 ).…”

Section: Enzymatic Synthesis Of Novel Lactose-derived Oligosaccharidementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of novel bioactive lactose‐derived oligosaccharides by microbial glycoside hydrolases

Díez-Municio

Herrero

Olano

et al. 2014

Microbial Biotechnology

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Prebiotic oligosaccharides are increasingly demanded within the Food Science domain because of the interesting healthy properties that these compounds may induce to the organism, thanks to their beneficial intestinal microbiota growth promotion ability. In this regard, the development of new efficient, convenient and affordable methods to obtain this class of compounds might expand even further their use as functional ingredients. This review presents an overview on the most recent interesting approaches to synthesize lactose-derived oligosaccharides with potential prebiotic activity paying special focus on the microbial glycoside hydrolases that can be effectively employed to obtain these prebiotic compounds. The most notable advantages of using lactose-derived carbohydrates such as lactosucrose, galactooligosaccharides from lactulose, lactulosucrose and 2-α-glucosyl-lactose are also described and commented.

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Emerging Prebiotic Carbohydrates

Cited by 7 publications

References 97 publications

Xylo-oligosaccharides enhance the growth of bifidobacteria and Bifidobacterium lactis in a simulated colon model

Xylo-oligosaccharides enhance the growth of bifidobacteria and Bifidobacterium lactis in a simulated colon model

Prebiotics of Plant and Microbial Origin

Synthesis of novel bioactive lactose‐derived oligosaccharides by microbial glycoside hydrolases

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