Emerging properties of carbon based 2D material beyond graphene

Abstract

Graphene turns out to be the pioneering material for setting up boulevard to a new zoo of recently proposed carbon based novel two dimensional (2D) analogues. It is evident that their electronic, optical and other related properties are utterly different from that of graphene because of the distinct intriguing morphology. For instance, the revolutionary emergence of Dirac cones in graphene is particularly hard to find in most of the other 2D materials. As a consequence the crystal symmetries indeed act as a major role for predicting electronic band structure. Since tight binding calculations have become an indispensable tool in electronic band structure calculation, we indicate the implication of such method in graphene’s allotropes beyond hexagonal symmetry. It is to be noted that some of these graphene allotropes successfully overcome the inherent drawback of the zero band gap nature of graphene. As a result, these 2D nanomaterials exhibit great potential in a broad spectrum of applications, viz nanoelectronics, nanooptics, gas sensors, gas storages, catalysis, and other specific applications. The miniaturization of high performance graphene allotrope based gas sensors to microscopic or even nanosized range has also been critically discussed. In addition, various optical properties like the dielectric functions, optical conductivity, electron energy loss spectra reveal that these systems can be used in opto-electronic devices. Nonetheless, the honeycomb lattice of graphene is not superconducting. However, it is proposed that the tetragonal form of graphene can be intruded to form new hybrid 2D materials to achieve novel superconducting device at attainable conditions. These dynamic experimental prospects demand further functionalization of these systems to enhance the efficiency and the field of multifunctionality. This topical review aims to highlight the latest advances in carbon based 2D materials beyond graphene from the basic theoretical as well as future application perspectives.

Role of Microbes and Nanomaterials in the Removal of Pesticides from Wastewater

“…The size of CNTs can vary from several micrometers to a few millimeters. They have hollow ends or can be enclosed by half fullerene molecules [47]. CNTs can have a relatively same shape as rolled graphite [48].…”

Optical and Thermoelectric Behavior of Phagraphene with Site‐Specific B‐N Co‐Doping

“…Very recently, carbon-based 2D materials have been reviewed and their interesting properties are highlighted sequentially. [2] Among these, phagraphene is a nonhexagonal 2D carbon allotrope with pentahepta carbon pairs. [20] Dense atomic packing and sp 2 -hybridization enable its thermodynamical stability (formation energy E f = − 9.03 eV/atom) compared to graphene (E f = − 9.23 eV/atom).…”

“…Very recently, carbon‐based 2D materials have been reviewed and their interesting properties are highlighted sequentially. [ 2 ]…”

“…They have exceeded the deficits of graphene due to different kinds of hybridization and versatile morphological configurations. [1][2][3] Depending upon structural symmetry, the derivatives of graphene are divided mainly into two categories, namely hexagonal and non-hexagonal allotropes. Earlier, it was believed that perfect hexagonal symmetry was necessary for the presence of Dirac cones in band structure.…”

Irida-Graphene: A New 2d Carbon Allotrope

“…Its 2D honeycomb arrangement with an atomic thickness exhibits unique mechanical, optical, and electronic properties, which are of significant interest for many potential applications in nanoelectronics [35]. Due to this reason, several 2D carbon-based materials have been computationally proposed in the last years [3,13,16,17,27,33,34,36,40].…”