Emerging risk of H7N9 influenza in China

Wu, Shunquan; Wu, Fuquan; He, Jia

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60767-9

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Clinical symptoms and signs were of sudden onset, including respiratory symptoms in the early stage, high fever (≥ 38°C) and cough, dyspnea after 5 to 7 days onset, and then severe progressive pneumonia. Some cases could rapidly develop acute respiratory distress syndrome and die [2,3]. This outbreak has received great public attention from all over the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Internet Surveillance in Public Health Emergency Control and Prevention: Evidence From a Digital Epidemiologic Study During Avian Influenza A H7N9 Outbreaks

Gu¹,

Chen²,

Zhu³

et al. 2014

J Med Internet Res

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BackgroundOutbreaks of human infection with a new avian influenza A H7N9 virus occurred in China in the spring of 2013. Control and prevention of a new human infectious disease outbreak can be strongly affected by public reaction and social impact through the Internet and social media.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the potential roles of Internet surveillance in control and prevention of the human H7N9 outbreaks.MethodsOfficial data for the human H7N9 outbreaks were collected via the China National Health and Family Planning Committee website from March 31 to April 24, 2013. We obtained daily posted and forwarded number of blogs for the keyword “H7N9” from Sina microblog website and a daily Baidu Attention Index (BAI) from Baidu website, which reflected public attention to the outbreak. Rumors identified and confirmed by the authorities were collected from Baidu search engine.ResultsBoth daily posted and forwarded number and BAI for keyword H7N9 increased quickly during the first 3 days of the outbreaks and remained at a high level for 5 days. The total daily posted and forwarded number for H7N9 on Sina microblog peaked at 850,000 on April 3, from zero blogs before March 31, increasing to 97,726 on April 1 and to 370,607 on April 2, and remaining above 500,000 from April 5-8 before declining to 208,524 on April 12. The total daily BAI showed a similar pattern of change to the total daily posted and forwarded number over time from March 31 to April 12. When the outbreak locations spread, especially into other areas of the same province/city and the capital, Beijing, daily posted and forwarded number and BAI increased again to a peak at 368,500 and 116,911, respectively. The median daily BAI during the studied 25 days was significantly higher among the 7 provinces/cities with reported human H7N9 cases than the 2 provinces without any cases (P<.001). So were the median daily posted and forwarded number and daily BAI in each province/city except Anhui province. We retrieved a total of 32 confirmed rumors spread across 19 provinces/cities in China. In all, 84% (27/32) of rumors were disseminated and transmitted by social media.ConclusionsThe first 3 days of an epidemic is a critical period for the authorities to take appropriate action through Internet surveillance to prevent and control the epidemic, including preparation of personnel, technology, and other resources; information release; collection of public opinion and reaction; and clarification, prevention, and control of rumors. Internet surveillance can be used as an efficient and economical tool to prevent and control public health emergencies, such as H7N9 outbreaks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Internet Surveillance in Public Health Emergency Control and Prevention: Evidence From a Digital Epidemiologic Study During Avian Influenza A H7N9 Outbreaks

Gu¹,

Chen²,

Zhu³

et al. 2014

J Med Internet Res

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“…Incidental and experimental infection of canines and felines with H9N2 have also been reported H9N2 viruses are of particular interest as they have been identified along with H7 and H5 as having pandemic potential (WHO, 2011). H9N2 viruses have also been identified as the donor, as well as recipient, of the internal genes to the highly pathogenic IAV H5N1 and the newly emerged H7N9 and H10N8 viruses that have infected humans in Asia Liu et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2013). Homosubtypic and heterosubtypic H9N2 reassortants have been isolated from both birds and swine in nature (Abolnik et al, 2007;Cong et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2012;Wu et al, 2015;Yu et al, 2008Yu et al, , 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replication and transmission of mammalian-adapted H9 subtype influenza virus in pigs and quail

Obadan

Kimble

Rajão

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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Influenza A virus is a major pathogen of birds, swine and humans. Strains can jump between species in a process often requiring mutations and reassortment, resulting in outbreaks and, potentially, pandemics. H9N2 avian influenza is predominant in poultry across Asia and occasionally infects humans and swine. Pandemic H1N1 (H1N1pdm) is endemic in humans and swine and has a history of reassortment in pigs. Previous studies have shown the compatibility of H9N2 and H1N1pdm for reassortment in ferrets, a model for human infection and transmission. Here, the effects of ferret adaptation of H9 surface gene segments on the infectivity and transmission in at-risk natural hosts, specifically swine and quail, were analysed. Reassortant H9N1 and H9N2 viruses, carrying seven or six gene segments from H1N1pdm, showed infectivity and transmissibility in swine, unlike the wholly avian H9N2 virus with ferretadapted surface genes. In quail, only the reassortant H9N2 with the six internal gene segments from the H1N1pdm strain was able to infect and transmit, although less efficiently than the wholly avian H9N2 virus with ferret-adapted surface genes. These results highlight that ferretadapted mutations on the haemagglutinin of H9 subtype virus do not restrict the ability of the virus to infect swine and quail, and that the ability to transmit in these species depends on the context of the whole virus. As such, this study emphasizes the threat that H9N2 reassortant viruses pose to humans and agricultural species and the importance of the genetic constellation of the virus to its ability to replicate and transmit in natural hosts of influenza.

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“…A new emerging H7N9 influenza virus subtype has become a significant public health threat (1, 2). It is supposed that its hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes originate from Eurasian avian influenza viruses (AIV), and the other genes are from the H9N2 AIV subtypes (3, 4).…”

Section: Genome Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Sequence of a Novel H10N9 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Chickens in a Live Poultry Market in Eastern China

Chen

Liu

et al. 2013

Genome Announc

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Emerging risk of H7N9 influenza in China

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Importance of Internet Surveillance in Public Health Emergency Control and Prevention: Evidence From a Digital Epidemiologic Study During Avian Influenza A H7N9 Outbreaks

Importance of Internet Surveillance in Public Health Emergency Control and Prevention: Evidence From a Digital Epidemiologic Study During Avian Influenza A H7N9 Outbreaks

Replication and transmission of mammalian-adapted H9 subtype influenza virus in pigs and quail

Genome Sequence of a Novel H10N9 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Chickens in a Live Poultry Market in Eastern China

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