Emerging role of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles in vascular dementia

Abstract

Vascular dementia (VD) is a prevalent cognitive disorder among the elderly. Its pathological mechanism encompasses neuronal damage, synaptic dysfunction, vascular abnormalities, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, among others. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered significant attention as an emerging therapeutic strategy. Current research indicates that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) play a pivotal role in both the diagnosis and treatment of VD. Thus, this article delves into the recent advancements of MSC-EVs in VD, discussing the mechanisms by which EVs influence the pathophysiological processes of VD. These mechanisms form the theoretical foundation for their neuroprotective effect in VD treatment. Additionally, the article highlights the potential applications of EVs in VD diagnosis. In conclusion, MSC-EVs present a promising innovative treatment strategy for VD. With rigorous research and ongoing innovation, this concept can transition into practical clinical treatment, providing more effective options for VD patients.

Regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis by mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles: implications for disease treatment

“…Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology frontiersin.org oxidative damage and inflammation associated with TBI. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of HUCMSC-Exo in managing TBI-related neurological complications (Zhang L. et al, 2024). Spinal cord injury (SCI), another form of traumatic nervous system injury, presents a debilitating neurological condition characterized by acute and chronic phases.…”

“…Ongoing clinical trials explore the application of MSC-derived microvesicles in conditions like graft-versus-host disease, chronic kidney disease, and neurological ailments. Their use in personalized medicine is also under investigation, presenting a cell-free alternative to MSC-based therapies ( Nikfarjam et al, 2020 ; Liu et al, 2024 ).…”