Emerging role of the brain in the homeostatic regulation of energy and glucose metabolism

Roh, Eun; Song, Do Kyeong; Kim, Min‐Seon

doi:10.1038/emm.2016.4

Cited by 305 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 176 publications

(188 reference statements)

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“…Nutrient sensing mechanisms in mammals are also implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis through processes other than food intake (Levin, 2006; Blouet and Schwartz, 2010; Morton et al, 2014), such as hormone secretion and energy expenditure (Morgan et al, 2004; Pocai et al, 2005; Le Foll et al, 2009; Roh et al, 2016). The homeostatic control carried out by nutrient sensing systems occurs at both central and peripheral levels.…”

Section: Impact Of Nutrient Sensing On Energy Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Sensing Systems in Fish: Impact on Food Intake Regulation and Energy Homeostasis

2017

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Evidence obtained in recent years in a few species, especially rainbow trout, supports the presence in fish of nutrient sensing mechanisms. Glucosensing capacity is present in central (hypothalamus and hindbrain) and peripheral [liver, Brockmann bodies (BB, main accumulation of pancreatic endocrine cells in several fish species), and intestine] locations whereas fatty acid sensors seem to be present in hypothalamus, liver and BB. Glucose and fatty acid sensing capacities relate to food intake regulation and metabolism in fish. Hypothalamus is as a signaling integratory center in a way that detection of increased levels of nutrients result in food intake inhibition through changes in the expression of anorexigenic and orexigenic neuropeptides. Moreover, central nutrient sensing modulates functions in the periphery since they elicit changes in hepatic metabolism as well as in hormone secretion to counter-regulate changes in nutrient levels detected in the CNS. At peripheral level, the direct nutrient detection in liver has a crucial role in homeostatic control of glucose and fatty acid whereas in BB and intestine nutrient sensing is probably involved in regulation of hormone secretion from endocrine cells.

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Section: Impact Of Nutrient Sensing On Energy Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Sensing Systems in Fish: Impact on Food Intake Regulation and Energy Homeostasis

2017

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“…Three major hypothalamic nuclei, such as ARC, VMN and PVN, actively participate in the regulation of glucose homeostasis [65]. In 1854, French physiologist Claude Bernard showed that brain lesion in dogs causes hyperglycemia and irst proposed that the CNS could be involved in the control of energy and glucose homeostasis.…”

Section: Hypothalamic Regulation Of Glucose Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some neurons are excited by increased glucose level with more iring frequency while others are inhibited with less iring by same stimuli. The glucose sensitive neurons are located in the VMN, ARC, PVN, as well as the dorsal vagal complex in the brain stem [65]. Central glucose sensing also impacts systemic glucose metabolism.…”

Section: Glucose Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine Control of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis

Mao¹,

Zhang²

2017

Gluconeogenesis

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Glucose is intricately regulated in human body through a complex network of hormonal and neuronal factors. A series of evidence suggests that the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system play prominent roles in the regulation of glucose and energy homeostasis. The gut senses the nutrient supply to co-ordinate the release of hormones that activate neuronal networks in the brain, leading to the subsequent modulation of hepatic glucose output via the gut-brain-liver axis. The gut hormones also act on multiple peripheral tissues to regulate glucose level through an insulindependent and/or -independent mechanism. The brain, especially the hypothalamus, could also response to the hormones such as insulin and leptin and diferent nutrients to modulate the glucose homeostasis. In this chapter, we review the gut-brainliver axis and the role of this organ interaction in the control of glucose homeostasis. A beter understanding of these pathways will provide novel strategies for improved glycaemic control.

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“…Since the classical study by Claude Bernard, which showed that an injury to the floor of the fourth cerebral ventricle caused hyperglycemia, the involvement of the nervous system in the regulation of pancreatic endocrine function and metabolic control has been shown in many studies [17][18][19]. At the same time, the precise innervation patterns of islets were unknown, particularly in humans [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuro-Insular Complexes in the Human Pancreas

Krivova¹,

Proshchina²,

Barabanov³

et al. 2017

Challenges in Pancreatic Pathology

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It is well known that pancreatic islets are complex structures composed of endodermally derived endocrine cells, integrated with endothelial cells and other cells, originating from the mesoderm, and innervated by nerve fibers that have a neuroectodermal origin. In our studies, we focused on the interactions between the structures of the nervous system and endocrine cells, the so-called neuro-insular complexes, in the human pancreas. In this chapter, we present our results and literature data concerning the morphological organization of neuro-insular complexes in humans and other mammals. We also discuss the possible functional role of neuro-insular complexes, such as the involvement of the nervous system in the regulation and synchronization of islet hormone secretion and the morphogenetic plasticity of the endocrine pancreas in adults, as well as in the regulation of endocrine cell proliferation and maturation during prenatal development of the pancreas.

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Emerging role of the brain in the homeostatic regulation of energy and glucose metabolism

Cited by 305 publications

References 176 publications

Nutrient Sensing Systems in Fish: Impact on Food Intake Regulation and Energy Homeostasis

Nutrient Sensing Systems in Fish: Impact on Food Intake Regulation and Energy Homeostasis

Neuroendocrine Control of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis

Neuro-Insular Complexes in the Human Pancreas

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