Emerging roles of interleukin and receptor activator nuclear factor ligand and osteoprotegerin levels in periodontal disease

Abstract

Introduction: Very few studies are done to evaluate IL-34 levels together with GCF RANKL and OPG levels in periodontitis patients before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). Materials and Methods: We included 150 patients to be equally divided to case and the controls. GCF and clinical periodontal recordings were investigated at the baseline and 6 weeks after non-surgical periodontal treatment NSPT. ELISA was used for quantifying of GCF IL-34, RANKL and OPG levels and their relative ratios were calculated. Results: Higher levels of GCF IL-34 and RANKL levels were found in the both the groups than in control group at baseline, whereas GCF OPG levels were statistically lower at baseline. GCF IL-34 and RANKL levels lowered in the 6th week after therapy in the both periodontitis groups, while the concentration OPG levels statistically amplified (P < 0.05). Significantly positive correlations among the IL-34 with RANKL, sampled-site clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival index (GI), whereas negative correlation with OPG were reported (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Evaluation of the IL-34 levels together with RANKL/OPG ratio in GCF maybe valuable in identifying high risk individuals with periodontitis patients.