Emerging roles of non‑coding RNAs in the response of rectal cancer to radiotherapy (Review)

Thi, Huyen Trang Ha; Duong, Hong‐Quan

doi:10.3892/ijo.2021.5175

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 128 publications

(182 reference statements)

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“…100,101 Studies have revealed that the dysregulation of lncRNAs is associated with carcinogenesis and CRT resistance. 102 circRNAs are endogenous ncRNAs lacking 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions (UTRs) which are produced by backsplicing of precursor mRNAs. 103 They have a circular structure, evolve conservatively, and are highly stabilized, thereby showing inherent resistance to RNase but can exhibit abnormal expression when they are mediated in cancer progression.…”

Section: Ncrt Resistance/sensitivity-related Cernasmentioning

confidence: 99%

ceRNA Networks: The Backbone Role in Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Resistance/Sensitivity of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

Chang

et al. 2021

Technol Cancer Res Treat

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Approximately 40% of rectal cancers during initial diagnosis are identified as locally advanced rectal cancers (LARCs), for which the standardized treatment scenario is total mesorectal excision following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). nCRT can lead to discernible reductions in local relapse rate and distant metastasis rate in LARC patients, in whom previously inoperable tumors may potentially be surgically removed. However, only 4% to 20% cases can attain pathological complete response, and the remaining patients who are unresponsive to nCRT have to suffer from the side effects plus toxicities and may encounter poor survival outcomes due to the late surgical intervention. As such, employing potential biomarkers to differentiate responders from nonresponders before nCRT implementation appears to be the overarching goal. Well-defined competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks include long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks. As ceRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs sponge miRNAs to indirectly suppress miRNAs downstream of oncogenic mRNAs or tumor-suppressive mRNAs. The abnormal expression of mRNAs regulates the nCRT-induced DNA damage repair process through pluralistic carcinogenic signaling pathways, thereby bringing about alterations in the nCRT resistance/sensitivity of tumors. Moreover, many molecular mechanisms relevant to cell proliferation, metastasis, or apoptosis of cancers (eg, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and caspase-9-caspase-3 pathway) are influenced by ceRNA networks. Herein, we reviewed a large group of abnormally expressed mRNAs and noncoding RNAs that are associated with nCRT resistance/sensitivity in LARC patients and ultimately pinpointed the backbone role of ceRNA networks in the molecular mechanisms of nCRT resistance/sensitivity.

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Section: Ncrt Resistance/sensitivity-related Cernasmentioning

confidence: 99%

ceRNA Networks: The Backbone Role in Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Resistance/Sensitivity of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

Chang

et al. 2021

Technol Cancer Res Treat

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“…ncRNAs have been widely investigated as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic efficacy predictors in cancer ( Li et al, 2020a ; Ha Thi et al, 2021 ; Konoshenko et al, 2021 ). Accurate prediction of response to RT by ncRNAs profiles would undoubtedly improve the prognosis of LAGC patients and allow individualized treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Radiotherapy of Gastrointestinal Carcinoma

Sun

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Radiotherapy (RT), or radiation therapy, has been widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of local advanced gastrointestinal carcinoma. RT causes DNA double-strand breaks leading to cell cytotoxicity and indirectly damages tumor cells by activating downstream genes. Non-coding RNA (including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and circular RNAs) is a type of RNA that does not encode a protein. As the field of ncRNAs increasingly expands, new complex roles have gradually emerged for ncRNAs in RT. It has been shown that ncRNAs can act as radiosensitivity regulators in gastrointestinal carcinoma by affecting DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest, irradiation-induced apoptosis, cell autophagy, stemness, EMT, and cell pyroptosis. Here, we review the complex roles of ncRNAs in RT and gastrointestinal carcinoma. We also discuss the potential clinical significance and predictive value of ncRNAs in response to RT for guiding the individualized treatment of patients. This review can serve as a guide for the application of ncRNAs as radiosensitivity enhancers, radioresistance inducers, and predictors of response in RT of gastrointestinal carcinoma.

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The effect of Inc parameter on VMAT radiotherapy plans quality for rectal cancer using Monaco TPS

Zhou,

Luo,

et al. 2024

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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BackgroundTo investigate the effect of the Increment of gantry angle (Inc) parameter setting of the Monaco Treatment planning system (Monaco TPS) on the dosimetry and quality parameters of the volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) program for rectal cancer.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 50 patients with rectal cancer who underwent intensity modulated radiation therapy using the Monaco TPS system from 2020 to 2021. Under the same optimization function configuration and other parameter settings, the Inc parameters in the VMAT radiotherapy plan were set to 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40°. The dose‐volume histogram (DVH) was used to evaluate the dose distribution of the target area and the radiation dose of the organs at risk (OAR). The differences in the dosimetry of the planning target volume (PTV) and OAR, as well as the gamma pass rate (GPR) were compared.ResultsIn terms of target dose, D98, Dmin, HI, and conformity index (CI) of Inc10 group was significantly lower than those of Inc20, 30, and 40 groups (P < 0.05), and D2 of Inc10 group was significantly higher than that of Inc20 group (P = 0.009). We also found CI of Inc20 and 30 were significantly better than that of Inc40 (both P < 0.05). In terms of OAR dose, the study found that the Dmean, Dmin, V50%, V45%, and V40% for the bladder of the Inc10 group were lower than those of the other groups (all P < 0.05), the Dmean for femoral head of the Inc20 group was lower than that of the Inc30 group (P < 0.05), and Inc20 showed a better protective effect on the femoral head. The MUs tend to decrease as the Inc parameter setting is increased. The monitor unit (MU) in Inc10 group were significantly higher than those in Inc20, Inc30, and Inc40 groups, and the MU of Inc20 group was significantly higher than that of Inc40 group (both P < 0.05). We found that for the 3%/3 mm and 2%/2 mm standards, the GPRs of each plan were > 90%, which met clinical requirements.ConclusionsDifferent settings of Inc parameters have varying degrees of impact on target dose, OAR dose, and machine MU. It is important for doctors to choose different Inc parameters according to different clinical needs.

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Emerging roles of non‑coding RNAs in the response of rectal cancer to radiotherapy (Review)

Cited by 5 publications

References 128 publications

ceRNA Networks: The Backbone Role in Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Resistance/Sensitivity of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

ceRNA Networks: The Backbone Role in Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Resistance/Sensitivity of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

The Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Radiotherapy of Gastrointestinal Carcinoma

The effect of Inc parameter on VMAT radiotherapy plans quality for rectal cancer using Monaco TPS

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