Emerging Roles of NPQ/Spexin in Physiology and Pathology

Lv, Shuangyu; Zhou, Yuchen; Zhang, Xiaomei; Chen, Weidong; Wang, Yandong

doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00457

Cited by 59 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Recent studies demonstrated that spexin was involved in multiple biological and pathological roles [ 7 ]. It was reported that spexin had effects on regulating bile acid synthesis and metabolism [ 8 ], glucose metabolism, and ameliorated insulin resistance [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Spexin Inhibited Food Intake in Mice

Zhou

Feng

et al. 2020

International Journal of Endocrinology

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Spexin (SPX, NPQ), a novel endogenous neuropeptide, was firstly identified by bioinformatics. Spexin gene and protein widely distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, such as the hypothalamus and digestive tract. The role of spexin in appetite regulation in mammalian is still unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the mechanism and effect of peripheral spexin on food intake in mice. During the light period, an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of spexin (10 nmol/mouse) significantly inhibited cumulative food intake at 2, 4, and 6 h after treatment in fasted mice. During the dark period, spexin (1 and 10 nmol/mouse, i.p.) significantly suppressed cumulative food intake at 4 and 6 h after treatment in freely feeding mice. The GALR3 antagonist SNAP37889, not GALR2 antagonist, significantly antagonized the inhibitory effect on cumulative food intake (0–6 h) induced by spexin. Spexin significantly reduced the mRNA level of Npy mRNA, not Agrp, Pomc, Cart, Crh, Orexin, or Mch, in the hypothalamus. Spexin (10 nmol/mouse, i.p.) increased the number of c-Fos positive neurons in hypothalamic AHA and SCN, but not in ARC, DMN, LHA, PVN, SON, or VMH. The hypothalamic p-CaMK2 protein expression was upregulated by spexin. This study indicated that acute peripheral injection of spexin inhibited mouse food intake. The anorectic effect may be mediated by GALR3, and inhibiting neuropeptide Y (NPY) via p-CaMK2 and c-Fos in the hypothalamus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Spexin Inhibited Food Intake in Mice

Zhou

Feng

et al. 2020

International Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Given the very wide distribution of SPX in both the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, it is difficult to indicate which are its main source. However, based on the literature data and the results obtained in this study, we can generally state that the main sources of this peptide are tissues involved in carbohydrate–lipid metabolism and related to the regulation of food intake and energy management, such as the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, muscles, and others [ 2 , 22 , 23 ]. Moreover, changes in the blood-serum concentration and expression of this peptide indicate the possibility of SPX acting via multiple signaling pathways, both through endocrine action and autocrine/paracrine interactions [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Fasting on the Spexin System in Broiler Chickens

Kołodziejski

Pruszyńska‐Oszmałek

Hejdysz

et al. 2021

Animals

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Spexin (SPX) is a highly conservative peptide hormone containing 14 amino acids and was discovered in 2007 by bioinformatics methods. However, nothing is yet known about its role in the metabolism of birds, including broilers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term fasting (2, 4, and 8 h) on the concentration of SPX in blood serum and the expression levels of the genes encoding this peptide (SPX1) and its receptors, GALR2 and GALR3, in the tissues involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism (muscles, adipose tissue, and liver). We also analyzed the mRNA expression of these genes in various chicken tissues. Moreover, we studied the correlation between the serum level of SPX and other metabolic parameters (insulin, glucagon, glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol). Using RT-qPCR, we found that SPX1, GALR2, and GALR3 are expressed in all investigated tissues in broiler chicken. Moreover, using a commercially available radio-immunoassay, we noted an increase of the SPX level in blood serum after 4 and 8 h of fasting compared to nonfasted animals (p < 0.05). This increase was positively correlated with glucagon concentration (r = 0.341; p < 0.05) and negatively with glucose concentration (r = −0.484; p < 0.01). Additionally, we discovered that in the short term, food deprivation leads to the expression regulation of SPX1, GALR2, and GLAR3 in tissues associated with metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. The obtained results indicate that SPX is involved in the regulation of metabolism in broiler chickens.

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“…Despite the fact that the research on this peptide is relatively recent, the knowledge about it has systematically increased. Research conducted on many different groups of animals showed a wide expression of this peptide in many different tissues, including fat tissue/adipocytes [ 152 , 153 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 , 158 ]. The first study that connected SPX with fat tissue metabolism were experiments performed by Walewski et al in 2014.…”

Section: Spexinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Peptide Hormones Discovered in the 21st Century in the Regulation of Adipose Tissue Functions

Kołodziejski

Pruszyńska‐Oszmałek

Wojciechowicz

et al. 2021

Genes

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Peptide hormones play a prominent role in controlling energy homeostasis and metabolism. They have been implicated in controlling appetite, the function of the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems, energy expenditure, and reproduction. Furthermore, there is growing evidence indicating that peptide hormones and their receptors contribute to energy homeostasis regulation by interacting with white and brown adipose tissue. In this article, we review and discuss the literature addressing the role of selected peptide hormones discovered in the 21st century (adropin, apelin, elabela, irisin, kisspeptin, MOTS-c, phoenixin, spexin, and neuropeptides B and W) in controlling white and brown adipogenesis. Furthermore, we elaborate how these hormones control adipose tissue functions in vitro and in vivo.

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Emerging Roles of NPQ/Spexin in Physiology and Pathology

Cited by 59 publications

References 43 publications

Peripheral Spexin Inhibited Food Intake in Mice

Peripheral Spexin Inhibited Food Intake in Mice

Effect of Fasting on the Spexin System in Broiler Chickens

The Role of Peptide Hormones Discovered in the 21st Century in the Regulation of Adipose Tissue Functions

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