Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and potential intervention approaches

Khateeb, Jasmin; Li, Yuchong; Zhang, Haibo

doi:10.1186/s13054-021-03662-x

Cited by 216 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…Secondly, to ensure that in regions where access to vaccines is limited, there are means to counteract this disease. Thirdly, since it is yet unclear whether the authorized vaccines are effective against the new viral strains of concern, which are the result of mutations accumulation [ 104 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Therapeutic Approaches for SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review

2021

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Background: Due to the lack of an etiologic treatment for SARS-CoV-2 and the difficulties involved in developing new drugs, some drugs already approved for other diseases or with efficacy against SARS and MERS, have been used in patients with COVID-19. This systematic review aims to summarize evidence on the efficacy and safety of five antivirals applied to patients with COVID-19, that have proven to be effective either in vitro studies or in studies on SARS-CoV and MERS.; Methods: An intensive search of different databases (Pub Med, WoS, MEDLINE and Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register) has been carried out until the end of April 2021. This systematic review has been conducted according to the PRISMA statement. From each of the included studies, the characteristics of the intervention and comparison groups, demographic data and results were extracted independently; Results: Remdesivir is well tolerated and helps to accelerate clinical improvement but is ineffective in reducing mortality. Favipiravir is safe and shows promising results regarding symptom resolution but does not improve viral clearance. The use of lopinavir/ritonavir has been associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal adverse events and it has not proven to be effective. No significant differences were observed between patients treated with ribavirin or umifenovir and their respective control groups; Conclusions: Remdesivir and favipiravir are well tolerated and effective in accelerating clinical improvement. This systematic review does not support the use of lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin and umifenovir in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Therapeutic Approaches for SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review

2021

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“…Mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 have attracted significant public attention, with variants of concerns leading to increased transmissibility, impaired immune protection by the vaccine, more severe disease, or compromised diagnostic capacity [24]. The Delta variant, which was first identified in India, is more transmittable than other lineages of SARS-CoV-2 and now is becoming the major strain causing the COVID-19 pandemic [25,26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of inactive COVID-19 vaccines against severe illness in B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant-infected patients in Jiangsu, China

Wang

Huang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant has caused a new surge in the number of COVID-19 cases. The effectiveness of vaccines against this variant is not fully understood. Using data from a recent large-scale outbreak of COVID-19 in China, we conducted a real-world study to explore the effect of inactivated vaccine immunization on the course of disease in patients infected with Delta variants. We recruited 476 confirmed cases over the age of 18, of which 42 were severe. After adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities, patients who received two doses of inactivated vaccine (fully vaccinated) had an 88% reduced risk in progressing to the severe stage (adjusted OR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.02- 0.45). However, this protective effect was not observed in patients who only received only one dose of the vaccine(adjusted OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.51- 2.36). The full immunization offered 100% protection from a severe illness among women. The effect of the vaccine was potentially affected by underlying medical conditions (OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.03-1.23). This is the largest real-world study confirming the effectiveness of inactive COVID-19 vaccines against severe illness in Delta variant-infected patients in Jiangsu, China.

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“…Recently a new variant (known as B.1.617 or delta variant) with multiple mutations – the E484Q, L452R and T478K was detected in India [ 15 ] and other parts of the world. This variant showed higher transmissibility and infectivity, as multiple mutations in the spike RBD increases its affinity to bind ACE2 [ 16 , 17 ]. Several mutations also made SARS-CoV-2 more resistant to antibodies [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In silico study of some selective phytochemicals against a hypothetical SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD using molecular docking tools

Nag

Paul

Banerjee

et al. 2021

Computers in Biology and Medicine

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Background This world is currently witnessing a pandemic outbreak of 'COVID-19' caused by a positive-strand RNA virus 'SARS-CoV-2’. Millions have succumbed globally to the disease, and the numbers are increasing day by day. The viral genome enters into the human host through interaction between the spike protein (S) and host angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) proteins. S is the common target for most recently rolled-out vaccines across regions. A recent surge in single/multiple mutations in S region is of great concern as it may escape vaccine induced immunity. So far, the treatment regime with repurposed drugs has not been too successful. Hypothesis Natural compounds are capable of targeting mutated spike protein by binding to its active site and destabilizing the spike-host ACE2 interaction. Materials and methods A hypothetical mutated spike protein was constructed by incorporating 12 different mutations from twelve geographical locations simultaneously into the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and docked with ACE2 and seven phytochemicals namely allicin, capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde, curcumin, gingerol, piperine and zingeberene. Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulation and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were finally used for validation of the docking results. Result The docking results showed that curcumin and piperine were most potent to bind ACE2, mutated spike, and mutated spike-ACE2 complex, thereby restricting viral entry. ADME analysis also proved their drug candidature. The docking complexes were found to be stable by MD simulation. Conclusion This result provides a significant insight about the phytochemicals' role, namely curcumin and piperine, as the potential therapeutic entities against mutated spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.

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Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and potential intervention approaches

Cited by 216 publications

References 89 publications

Antiviral Therapeutic Approaches for SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review

Antiviral Therapeutic Approaches for SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review

Effectiveness of inactive COVID-19 vaccines against severe illness in B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant-infected patients in Jiangsu, China

In silico study of some selective phytochemicals against a hypothetical SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD using molecular docking tools

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