Emerging Synthetic Methods and Applications of MOF‐Based Gels in Supercapacitors, Water Treatment, Catalysis, Adsorption, and Energy Storage

Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which are synthesized through the self‐assembly of organic ligands and inorganic metals, have drawn considerable research interest owing to their unique properties and attractive structures. Many studies on various MOF derivatives, such as MOFs and cellulose aerogels, hydrogel composite materials, and bimetallic‐centered MOF materials, have provided the potential for wide application of MOFs. However, MOFs mostly exist in the form of powder particles, which are difficult to form. In addition, MOFs have problems with structural instability. MOF‐based gels can overcome this problem. MOF‐based gels also have significant advantages in secondary processing. In this review, synthetic methods for MOF‐based gels, particularly the synergistic effect with other materials, are introduced. The applications of MOF‐based hydrogels and aerogels in supercapacitors, water treatment, catalysis, adsorption, and energy storage are also discussed.

Metal–organic gels and their derived materials for electrochemical applications

“…Some MOGs have the dual features of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and gels. 47 MOGs have structural diversity and tailorability, tunable hierarchical porosities, high surface area, and diverse morphologies. MOGs are divided into two categories, MOGs of coordination polymers and MOGs of discrete coordination molecules.…”

Drug-Loaded Konjac Glucomannan/Metal–Organic Framework Composite Hydrogels as Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Cell Scaffolds

“…Additionally, hydrogels facilitate the processing and recycling of MOFs. 21 Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a neutral polysaccharide with high molecular weight and good water solubility. It is described by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) as a safe material.…”

“…The three-dimensional network structure of hydrogels allows for the effective dispersion of MOFs, providing excellent mechanical properties and creating a protective layer that enhances the stability of the MOFs. Additionally, hydrogels facilitate the processing and recycling of MOFs . Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a neutral polysaccharide with high molecular weight and good water solubility.…”

Hierarchically Porous Mg-MOF-74/Sodium Alginate Composite Aerogel for CO2 Capture

“…Therefore, the MOF and aerogel composite can be used to reduce mass transfer resistance and improve processing performance. 34 Sodium alginate (SA), which is composed of β-D-mannuronic acid (M) and α-L-guluronic acid (G), is a particularly attractive anionic polysaccharide that is natural and environmentally friendly. 35 In this paper, a facile and flexible preparation method for dispersing positively charged Mg-MOF-74 powder in SA with a negative surface charge is described to prepare mesoporous/ macroporous-rich 3D hierarchical porous composites (MSA-X).…”