Emerging technologies in protein interface engineering for biomedical applications

Designer Proteins for New Vaccines and Therapeutics

“…Ongoing studies have shown tremendous promise of protein based therapeutics, new vaccines, and novel protein scaffolds with greater safety, improved efficacy, reduced immunogenicity and superior drug delivery with innovative biomedical formulations [1,2]. To this end, researchers have proposed strategies to engineer protein interactions to modulate function using molecular engineering and also tailoring protein networks that exhibit robust plasticity that enables reprogramming of receptor interactions [3].…”

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“…Further, the oscillators are known to be located within individual neurons in the SCN, where approximately 20,000 neurons are found within bilateral SCN. Also, there are peripheral clocks in addition to the master clock in the SCN that are found in a number of vital organs that include the liver, adipose tissue, kidneys, pancreas, and heart [1,3].…”

“…Researchers have studied the circadian rhythm that have shown that it helps the body anticipate environmental cues that is needed to optimize energy utilization for the diurnal cycles of rest-activity and feeding-fasting [3]. Further, murine studies have shown that disruption of circadian clock rhythmicity could lead to cancer and metabolic syndrome [4].…”

“…The reasons for the serious health consequences as a result of the disruption of circadian rhythm have been shown to be associated with alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism and immune system responses, and also carcinogenesis [3]. It has been suggested that adoption of a strategy based on resetting the disrupted rhythm of the circadian clock could help prevent metabolic syndrome, immune system dysfunction, and cancer [3].…”

“…This process then results in resetting all peripheral clocks, including hepatic clock during ad libitum food consumption. The other mechanism to reset the circadian clock is considered a secondary mechanism, which is based on the response to mealtime during rhythmic, consecutive and time-restricted feeding-fasting cycles [3,5].…”