Emerging Therapies in the Treatment of Advanced Melanoma

Massand, Sameer; Neves, Rogério I.

doi:10.1016/j.cps.2021.06.008

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Therapeutic options for melanoma are broadly classified into two categories: standard therapies and targeted therapies [ 16 ]. While standard therapies have traditionally included surgery, radiation therapy, and systemic chemotherapy, developments in targeted therapies and immunotherapies have revolutionized the management of melanoma [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Current Treatment Landscape For Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, standard therapies may have limited efficacy against advanced melanoma stages, and are associated with poor outcomes [ 10 ]. Therefore, there is important need for more effective treatment approaches to improve survival rates and enhance patient quality of life.…”

Section: Current Treatment Landscape For Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The known genetic drivers of melanoma include B-raf proto-oncogene (BRAF), neurofibromin 1 (NF1), and NRAS mutations. While standard therapies have traditionally included surgery, radiation therapy, and systemic chemotherapy, the development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has revolutionized the management of melanoma [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. In particular, advanced melanoma treatment often requires a multidisciplinary approach with combination therapies to achieve better responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Current and Pipeline Drugs for Treatment of Melanoma

Natarelli,

Aleman,

Mark

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. Standard treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Combining these modalities often yields better responses. Surgery is suitable for localized cases, sometimes involving lymph node dissection and biopsy, to assess the spread of the disease. Radiation therapy may be sometimes used as a standalone treatment or following surgical excision. Systemic chemotherapy, while having low response rates, is utilized as part of combination treatments or when other methods fail. The development of resistance to systemic chemotherapies and associated side effects have prompted further research and clinical trials for novel approaches. In the case of advanced-stage melanoma, a comprehensive approach may be necessary, incorporating targeted therapies and immunotherapies that demonstrate significant antitumor activity. Targeted therapies, including inhibitors targeting BRAF, MEK, c-KIT, and NRAS, are designed to block the specific molecules responsible for tumor growth. These therapies show promise, particularly in patients with corresponding mutations. Combination therapy, including BRAF and MEK inhibitors, has been evidenced to improve progression-free survival; however, concerns about resistance and cutaneous toxicities highlight the need for close monitoring. Immunotherapies, leveraging tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CAR T cells, enhance immune responses. Lifileucel, an FDA-approved tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, has demonstrated improved response rates in advanced-stage melanoma. Ongoing trials continue to explore the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy for advanced melanoma. Checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 have enhanced outcomes. Emerging IL-2 therapies boost dendritic cells, enhancing anticancer immunity. Oncolytic virus therapy, approved for advanced melanoma, augments treatment efficacy in combination approaches. While immunotherapy has significantly advanced melanoma treatment, its success varies, prompting research into new drugs and factors influencing outcomes. This review provides insights into current melanoma treatments and recent therapeutic advances.

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Section: Current Treatment Landscape For Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Treatment Landscape For Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Current and Pipeline Drugs for Treatment of Melanoma

Natarelli,

Aleman,

Mark

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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“…The most common melanoma type is cutaneous melanoma. BRAF mutations constitute the most common genetic mutation present in about 50% of melanoma patients, but mutated BRAF is also detected in melanocytes [7,8]. Melanomas with mutated BRAF are usually located on parts of the body not typically exposed to the sun [9].…”

Section: Introduction To Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melanomas with mutated BRAF are usually located on parts of the body not typically exposed to the sun [9]. Over 90% of BRAF mutations occur at codon 600: the most common one is the substitution of glutamic acid for valine (V600E) [7]; other minor mutations include substitution of glutamic acid for lysine (V600K), aspartic acid (V600D) and arginine (V600R) [10]. BRAF is a participant in the MAPK signaling cascade downstream of RAS (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introduction To Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Current State of Melanoma Therapy and Next Steps: Battling Therapeutic Resistance

Fateeva,

Eddy,

Chen

2024

Cancers

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Melanoma is the most aggressive and deadly form of skin cancer due to its high propensity to metastasize to distant organs. Significant progress has been made in the last few decades in melanoma therapeutics, most notably in targeted therapy and immunotherapy. These approaches have greatly improved treatment response outcomes; however, they remain limited in their abilities to hinder disease progression due, in part, to the onset of acquired resistance. In parallel, intrinsic resistance to therapy remains an issue to be resolved. In this review, we summarize currently available therapeutic options for melanoma treatment and focus on possible mechanisms that drive therapeutic resistance. A better understanding of therapy resistance will provide improved rational strategies to overcome these obstacles.

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