Emerging treatment for advanced lung cancer withEGFRmutation

Abstract

It is essential to uncover the complex mechanisms underlying the progression of lung cancer after upfront EGFR TKIs. Next generation, in particular, the third generations of EGFR TKIs have been developed against acquired T790M mutation with promising clinical activity and better toxicity profile. Combination of targeted therapies has also been explored. Further studies are needed to detect the real-time changes of the resistance mechanisms and to develop new therapeutic strategies for lung cancer patients with EGFR mutations.

HHLA2, a New Immune Checkpoint Member of the B7 Family, Is Widely Expressed in Human Lung Cancer and Associated with EGFR Mutational Status

“…Lung cancer patients with these mutations have distinct pathogenesis, clinical features and disease course (3). We analyzed HHLA2 expression in different mutational categories.…”

“…The treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has substantially changed over the past decade with the identification of driver mutations and the recent approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors. State-of-the-art treatment paradigms now incorporate histology-driven approaches (2) and targeted treatment of molecularly defined subsets in lung cancer (3). The ability to evade the immune system is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer (4,5).…”

Opportunities and challenges of co‑targeting epidermal growth factor receptor and autophagy signaling in non‑small cell lung cancer (Review)

“…At present, EGFR-targeted drugs consist of two types: Small molecule TKIs that inhibit the tyrosine kinase activity of the EGFR intracellular domain and artificially synthesized EGFR monoclonal antibodies that block the extracellular domain and inhibit the activation of the EGFR ligand binding domain (4,5). EGFR-TKI drugs have been used clinically for a relatively long time and are recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and European Society for Medical Oncology guidelines for the treatment of advanced NSCLC with sensitive mutations (16,17).…”

“…Currently, epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are efficacious in treating patients with NSCLC with sensitive EGFR mutations (4). These drugs have become the standard therapy for patients with advanced NSCLC with sensitive mutations (4).…”

“…Currently, epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are efficacious in treating patients with NSCLC with sensitive EGFR mutations (4). These drugs have become the standard therapy for patients with advanced NSCLC with sensitive mutations (4). Compared with platinum-based chemotherapy, treatment with EGFR-TKI may improve the overall survival time of patients with NSCLC with EGFR exon 19 deletion and mutations in exon 21 (L858R), exon 18 (G719X) and exon 20 (S768I) (5,6).…”