Emerging Trends and Recent Progress of MXene as a Promising 2D Material for Point of Care (POC) Diagnostics

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with chemical and structural diversity have piqued the interest of the scientific community due to their superior photonic, mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and catalytic capabilities that distinguish them from their bulk counterparts. Among these 2D materials, two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides with a general chemical formula of Mn+1XnTx (where n = 1–3), together known as MXenes, have gained tremendous popularity and demonstrated competitive performance in biosensing applications. In this review, we focus on the cutting-edge advances in MXene-related biomaterials, with a systematic summary on their design, synthesis, surface engineering approaches, unique properties, and biological properties. We particularly emphasize the property–activity–effect relationship of MXenes at the nano–bio interface. We also discuss the recent trends in the application of MXenes in accelerating the performance of conventional point of care (POC) devices towards more practical approaches as the next generation of POC tools. Finally, we explore in depth the existing problems, challenges, and potential for future improvement of MXene-based materials for POC testing, with the goal of facilitating their early realization of biological applications.

Recent advances using MXenes in biomedical applications

“…100 Kalambate et al reviewed the progress of electrochemical (bio) sensors for the detection of biomarkers, pharmaceutical drugs, and environmental contaminants, including how the synthetic strategies and surface functionalization affect various properties of MXenes. 101 Many other excellent recent reviews of MXene-based sensors are also available, [102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111] and this work provides updates through 2023.…”

Multilayered nano Ti3C2Tx electrode: An ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor for rutin antioxidant detection

“…These nanosheets are synthesized using a wellestablished method, ensuring the electrode's stability and reproducibility. The multilayered architecture of the electrode provides enhanced electrochemical performance by facilitating efficient charge transfer and maximizing the exposure of the active sensing surface [4,5]. One of the key advantages of the Multilayered Ti3C2Tx electrode is its ultrasensitivity in rutin detection.…”