Emerging Trends in Family History of Breast Cancer and Associated Risk

Abstract

Background Increase in breast cancer incidence associated with mammography screening diffusion may have attenuated risk associations between family history and breast cancer. Methods The proportions of women aged 40–74 years reporting a first-degree family history of breast cancer were estimated in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium cohort (BCSC, N=1,170,900; 1996–2012) and the Collaborative Breast Cancer Study (CBCS; cases N=23,400; controls N=26,460; 1987–2007). Breast cancer (ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive) relative risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) associated with family history were calculated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard and logistic regression models. Results The proportion of women reporting a first-degree family history increased from 11% in the 1980s to 16% in 2010–13. Family history was associated with a >60% increased risk of breast cancer in the BCSC (hazard ratio=1.61;95%CI=1.55–1.66) and CBCS (odds ratio=1.64;95%CI=1.57–1.72). Relative risks decreased slightly with age. Consistent trends in relative risks were not observed over time or across stage of disease at diagnosis in both studies, except among older women (60–74) where estimates were attenuated from about 1.7 to 1.3 over the last 20 years (P-trend=0.08 for both studies). Conclusion Although the proportion of women with a first-degree family history of breast cancer increased over time and by age, breast cancer risk associations with family history were nonetheless fairly constant over time for women under age 60. Implication First-degree family history of breast cancer remains an important breast cancer risk factor, especially for younger women, despite its increasing prevalence in the mammography screening era.

Risk of invasive breast cancer in relatives of patients with breast carcinoma in situ: a prospective cohort study

“…Effective breast cancer screening enables detection and treatment of early-stage cancer and thus provides the possibility to prevent an advanced form of this disease. However, implementation of populationwide screening programs has resulted in an increased number of women diagnosed with breast carcinoma in situ [4,5] and thus an increasing number of women reporting a family history of breast cancer and breast carcinoma in situ [6].…”

Relationship Between Formulaic Breast Volume And Risk Of Breast Cancer Based On Linear Measurement

“…In China, the incidence of breast cancer has consistently ranked first among women in cancer incidence. Studies have shown that age at menarche [2], age at first pregnancy [3], feeding mode [4], family history of breast cancer [5], age [6], BMI [7], alcohol consumption [8], smoking [9], history of proliferative benign breast disease [10], oral contraceptives [11], abortion [12], breast density [13,14], history of hyperthyroidism [15], etc., even night shift work [16], exercise [17], diet [18] was related to the onset of breast cancer, regrettably no consensus has been reached [19,20]. In short, the breast volume has not been included in the traditional breast cancer risk list.…”

Relationship between formulaic breast volume and risk of breast cancer based on linear measurement

“…In China, the incidence of breast cancer has consistently ranked rst among cancers in women. Studies have shown that menarche age [2], age at rst pregnancy [3], feeding mode [4], family history of breast cancer [5], age [6], body mass index (BMI) [7], alcohol consumption [8], smoking [9], history of proliferative benign breast disease [10], oral contraceptives [11], abortion [12], breast density [13,14], history of hyperthyroidism [15], and even night shift work [16], exercise [17], and diet [18] were related to the onset of breast cancer; regrettably no consensus has been reached [19,20]. In short, breast volume has not been included in the traditional breast cancer risk list.…”