Emetic and electric shock alcohol aversion therapy: Six- and twelve-month follow-up.

Cannon, Dale S.; Baker, Timothy B.; Wehl, Chris K.

doi:10.1037//0022-006x.49.3.360

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

1981

DOI: 10.1037//0022-006x.49.3.360

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Emetic and electric shock alcohol aversion therapy: Six- and twelve-month follow-up.

Dale S. Cannon¹,

Timothy B. Baker²,

Chris K. Wehl³

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Cited by 3 publications

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Ethical, scientific and clinical issues in ethanol administration research involving alcoholics as human subjects

Dolinsky¹,

Babor²

1997

Addiction

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Research involving the administration of ethanol to human subjects has been conducted with some regularity since the 1960s. The purpose of this paper is to provide a broader discussion of the ethical and clinical issues pertaining to the administration of ethanol to subjects with a history of alcohol dependence and to assess the potential benefits and risks of ethanol administration research. Three kinds of investigation are reviewed: (1) basic scientific research on alcohol dependence and related disabilities; (2) clinical research that involves ethanol administration as part of the treatment; and (3) studies that have evaluated the short- and long-term effects of ethanol administration on the health and wellbeing of alcoholic research participants. It is concluded that ethanol administration research has not only contributed to the fund of knowledge about basic mechanisms of alcohol dependence; it has also advanced the scientific understanding of treatment. Moreover there is no compelling evidence that participation in ethanol administration research per se has adverse effects on alcoholic research subjects. In the interests of developing a practical approach to the ethical dilemmas posed by ethanol administration research, an ethical review process is suggested that takes into account the principles of respect for people, beneficence, and justice by tailoring the risk/benefit analysis to four types of research subjects: alcoholics recruited directly from the community, subjects recruited from residential treatment settings, recovering alcoholics, and alcoholics in outpatient treatment.

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Ethical, scientific and clinical issues in ethanol administration research involving alcoholics as human subjects

Dolinsky¹,

Babor²

1997

Addiction

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Six‐ and Twelve‐Month Abstinence Rates in Inpatient Alcoholics Treated with Aversion Therapy Compared with Matched Inpatients from a Treatment Registry

Jw¹,

Polissar³

1991

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Two hundred forty-nine patients who were treated for alcoholism in an inpatient multimodal treatment program that included aversion therapy were matched post hoc on 17 baseline variables with patients from a national treatment outcome registry. The latter patients received inpatient treatment that emphasized individual and group counseling as the primary therapeutic elements but did not include aversion therapy for alcohol. Six- and 12-month abstinence rates from alcohol and all mood-altering chemicals are reported. The patients treated with aversion therapy for alcohol had higher alcohol abstinence rates at 6 and 12 months (p less than 0.01). The abstinence rates from all mood-altering chemicals were higher in the aversion group at 6 months (p less than 0.05) but not at 12 months. The largest differences between treatment groups in 6-month alcohol abstinence rates were noted for males (p less than 0.001), those over 35 (p less than 0.001), daily drinkers (p less than 0.001), and those with alcohol-related work performance problems (p less than 0.05).

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Continued Development and Unconditioned Stimulus Characterization of Selectively Bred Lines of Taste Aversion Prone and Resistant Rats

1992

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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This report updates the bidirectional selective breeding of taste aversion (TA) prone (TAP) and TA resistant (TAR) rat lines from the 8th through the 22nd generations. A palatable saccharin solution and the aversive consequences of a cyclophosphamide injection are the respective conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) of line development. Nonsibling matings within each of the two extremes of TA conditionability have produced TAP and TAR lines having markedly different TA propensities. As previously reported, the substitution of a rotational (i.e., motion sickness) US for cyclophosphamide during TA conditioning also produced characteristic line differences in conditioned taste aversion acquisition. The present report extends the effective line separating USs to include injections of lithium chloride, emetine hydrochloride, and EtOH. A range of EtOH dose levels produced dose-dependent TAs within TAP rats but failed to induce TAs in TAR rats. Following the conclusion of TA testing, the administration of a hypnotic EtOH dose produced equivalent loss of righting capability and equivalent hypothermia in both TAP and TAR rats. The line differences in EtOH induced TA conditionability therefore do not reflect general line differences in EtOH sensitivity. The lines may be useful within studies of biological bases of TA conditionability and animal analog studies of prevention and treatment of alcohol dependence.

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Emetic and electric shock alcohol aversion therapy: Six- and twelve-month follow-up.

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Ethical, scientific and clinical issues in ethanol administration research involving alcoholics as human subjects

Ethical, scientific and clinical issues in ethanol administration research involving alcoholics as human subjects

Six‐ and Twelve‐Month Abstinence Rates in Inpatient Alcoholics Treated with Aversion Therapy Compared with Matched Inpatients from a Treatment Registry

Continued Development and Unconditioned Stimulus Characterization of Selectively Bred Lines of Taste Aversion Prone and Resistant Rats

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