Emetofobia: revisão crítica sobre um transtorno pouco estudado

Leite, Carlos Eduardo Paula; Vicentini, Henrique Cláudio; Neves, Joyce dos Santos; Torres, Albina Rodrigues

doi:10.1590/s0047-20852011000200007

Cited by 5 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In dem geschilderten Fall wies die Patientin eine anhaltende Angst vor dem Erbrechen, eine Emetophobie, auf. Wie auch aus der Literatur hervorgeht, beginnt die Erkrankung in der Regel in der Kindheit und nimmt meist einen chronischen Verlauf [22]. Die vorliegende Fallstudie zeigt, dass frühe und negative Erfahrungen mit Erbrechen oft den Beginn der Erkrankung markieren.…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

Emetophobie: Die spezifische Phobie des Erbrechens – ein Case Report

Eckert,

Wallner,

Hofstädter

2024

Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr

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ZusammenfassungUnter Emetophobie versteht man eine intensive und irrationale Angst vor dem Erbrechen. Sie zählt zu den spezifischen Phobien. Die Emetophobie ist eine bisher noch wenig erforschte Erkrankung. Über Ursachen und Prävalenz ist nur wenig bekannt, zudem fehlt es an systematisch gesichertem Wissen zur Behandlung. Die meisten Studien weisen jedoch darauf hin, dass die Emetophobie überwiegend Frauen betrifft, früh in der Kindheit beginnt, meist einen chronischen Verlauf nimmt, mit psychischen Komorbiditäten einhergeht und Betroffene oft aus Scham nicht von ihrem Leiden berichten. Die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) mit Exposition und Reaktionsmanagement scheint das derzeit wirksamste Therapieverfahren zur Behandlung der Emetophobie. Wir berichten über den Fall einer 20-jährigen Frau, die initial wegen einer schweren depressiven Episode zur stationär-psychiatrischen Krankenhausbehandlung aufgenommen wurde. Das Erkennen der Emetophobie war dadurch erschwert, dass die Patientin aus Scham nicht spontan über ihre Symptome berichtete. Eine gründliche und strukturierte Anamneseerhebung ist daher unerlässlich, da Betroffene oft versuchen, ihre Symptome zu verheimlichen. Aus diesem Grunde wird die Erkrankung oft übersehen und meist erst spät diagnostiziert und behandelt. Unsere Patientin beklagte eine starke emotionale Belastung durch die Symptome der Emetophobie, zeigte Vermeidungs- und Sicherheitsverhalten und war in ihrer Lebensqualität und allgemeinen Funktionsfähigkeit erheblich eingeschränkt. Die Symptomatik unserer Patientin besserte sich nach Beginn der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie. Diese beinhaltete Wissensvermittlung durch Psychoedukation, eine Überprüfung und Korrektur dysfunktionaler Kognitionen, graduierte Expositionen sowie der Aufbau positiver Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen. Es besteht weiterer Bedarf an Forschung, um mehr über dieses noch recht unbekannte Krankheitsbild zu erfahren, das ebenso viel Leid und psychosoziale Einschränkungen versuchen kann wie andere schwere psychische Erkrankungen.

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Section: Diskussionunclassified

Emetophobie: Die spezifische Phobie des Erbrechens – ein Case Report

Eckert,

Wallner,

Hofstädter

2024

Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr

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“…Segundo Oliveira et al (2019), a ausência de informações adequadas sobre o canabidiol e seu uso terapêutico pode levar a concepções errôneas e estigmatizantes por parte da sociedade e até mesmo dos profi ssionais de saúde. Esse cenário difi culta a aceitação e a prescrição da substância, prejudicando o acesso das crianças ao tratamento.…”

Section: Impactosunclassified

“…No entanto, a legalização do uso medicinal da cannabis tem sido apoiada por várias entidades de classe, incluindo o Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM) e a Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB). Oliveira et al (2019) destacam que a canabidiol é um dos compostos mais estudados da cannabis e tem demonstrado efi cácia no tratamento de diversas condições de saúde, incluindo epilepsia, dor crônica, ansiedade e distúrbios do sono. No entanto, a falta de regulamentação adequada tem impedido muitos pacientes de acessarem o tratamento com essa substância.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…No entanto, a regulamentação do uso medicinal da Canabidiol no Brasil ainda enfrenta desafi os. Segundo Oliveira et al (2019), a falta de padronização dos produtos à base de Cannabis e a falta de estudos clínicos bem controlados são alguns dos obstáculos para a consolidação da regulação no país. Além disso, a interpretação da legislação por parte das autoridades sanitárias tem gerado controvérsias e incertezas para pacientes e médicos que desejam utilizar como tratamento.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…No entanto, apesar dos avanços na pesquisa sobre o CBD, ainda há muitas incertezas em relação à sua efi cácia e segurança, e muitos países ainda enfrentam desafi os regulatórios para permitir o acesso à cannabis medicinal.2.1 NORMAS JURÍDICAS NACIONAIS SOBRE O USO MEDICINAL DA CANABIDIOLA regulamentação do uso medicinal do canabidiol para tratamentos é de grande importância para pacientes que sofrem de diversas doenças. De acordo comOliveira et al (2019), a cannabis tem sido utilizada para tratamentos médicos há milhares de anos, sendo que o canabidiol é um dos compostos mais estudados atualmente. Embora a sua efi cácia em diversas condições de saúde já tenha sido comprovada, a sua regulamentação ainda é incerta no Brasil.SegundoAlchieri et al (2020), a regulamentação do seu uso medicinal do é importante para garantir a segurança e a qualidade dos tratamentos.…”

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The right to treatment of children with refractory epileptic syndromes

Ferraz¹,

Meira²

2024

Rev. Cient. Multidisc. Saber

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The use of cannabidiol in children with refractory epileptic syndromes is a subject that has generated heated debates in the medical and legal community. Although cannabidiol is a substance found in the marijuana plant, its use for medicinal purposes has been studied and approved in several countries, including Brazil. However, despite its proven eff ectiveness in treating some diseases, access to this treatment is still a challenge for many families, who face bureaucratic and legal barriers to obtaining medication. Given this, the question is what is the impact of bureaucratic and legal barriers on the use of cannabidiol in children with refractory epileptic syndromes, and how to guarantee the right of access to this treatment in a safe and eff ective way? The primary hypothesis is that the use of cannabidiol in children with refractory epileptic syndromes is eff ective and can provide a signifi cant improvement in the quality of life of these patients. The general objective of this article is to analyze the challenges and opportunities in the right of access to cannabidiol treatment in children with refractory epileptic syndromes. It was noticed that bureaucratic and legal barriers in the use of cannabidiol in children with refractory epileptic syndromes have a signifi cant impact, making access to this treatment diffi cult. This can result in delays in the initiation of treatment, deprivation of the therapeutic benefi ts of cannabidiol, and increased distress for these children and their families. In addition, it is essential to promote the awareness and training of health professionals about the benefi ts and risks of cannabidiol, so that they can make informed and informed decisions when prescribing this treatment.

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Cognitive behavioral therapy for emetophobia in 16-year-old adolescent: a case study

Kerkeni,

Abbes,

Pons

2024

Middle East Curr Psychiatry

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Background A specific phobia of vomiting, often known as emetophobia, is a particularly common psychiatric disorder among adolescents. It is accompanied by a significant level of distress given the severity of its symptoms and the frequency of comorbidities, especially anxiety. Although no treatment protocols have been established for adolescents, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most frequently recommended treatment in the few published reports on adolescents with emetophobia. This case study aims to add to existing data indicating that CBT could be an effective treatment for emetophobia in adolescents. Case presentation We illustrate the case of a 16-year-old adolescent girl who presented with a specific phobia of vomiting that had lasted 6 years and was comorbid with social anxiety. These diagnoses were made by the child psychiatrist according to the Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder in its 5th version (DSM-5). CBT for his specific phobia of vomiting was recommended. The Emetophobia Questionnaire (EmetQ-13) and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED-41) were used to assess disease evolution. CBT for emetophobia lasted 22 weekly sessions of 1 h each and included: psychoeducation, relaxation, positive self-talk techniques, cognitive restructuring, imagery rescripting of flashback memories, and graduated exposure in vivo. At the end of CBT, the specific phobia of vomiting was no longer retained as a diagnosis according to the DSM-5. The psychometric evaluation revealed that the EmetQ-13 scores considerably decreased. A decrease in both the total score and the social anxiety subscale score of the SCARED-41 was also obtained. The clinical and psychometric improvements were maintained 3 months after the end of therapy. Conclusions This case report suggests that CBT could be an effective treatment for emetophobia in adolescents. It also helps reduce the level of associated anxiety. This article may encourage future research into randomized and controlled trials to protocolize and adapt the psychotherapeutic management of emetophobia in adolescents.

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Emetofobia: revisão crítica sobre um transtorno pouco estudado

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Emetophobie: Die spezifische Phobie des Erbrechens – ein Case Report

Emetophobie: Die spezifische Phobie des Erbrechens – ein Case Report

The right to treatment of children with refractory epileptic syndromes

Cognitive behavioral therapy for emetophobia in 16-year-old adolescent: a case study

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