EMG-Patterns of Pelvic Floor Muscles with Surface Electrodes

Kiesswetter, H

doi:10.1159/000280033

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The most used montage for surface EMG signal detection is the bipolar configuration, which consists in recording the difference between signals detected by two electrodes placed over the same muscle a certain distance apart. This technique has been used in many studies on the assessment of the EAS functions 13,15,16,23 with a variety of electrode shapes, sizes and locations. Signals recorded by the bipolar configuration are affected by anatomical, geometrical, physical and detection parameters, 24 the most relevant being are the thickness of the tissue between the electrodes and the muscle, the tissue in‐homogeneities, the length of the fibres, the inter‐electrode distance, and the shape, size, location and orientation of the electrodes with respect to the muscle fibres.…”

Section: Surface Emg Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The external anal sphincter and the role of surface electromyography

Enck¹,

Hinninghofen²,

Merletti³

et al. 2005

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Assessment of the neuronal control of the external anal sphincter (EAS) has long been restricted to investigating patients with defecation disorders by invasive tools such as needle electromyography (EMG), while less invasive techniques have been regarded as non-suitable for diagnostic purposes. Multichannel surface EMG by means of electrode arrays applied to anal sphincter muscle records and identifies individual motor unit action potentials, their place of origin along the circumference, their repetitive firing frequency, and their progression along the muscle fibres at different levels within the anal canal. These data shed doubts on conventional knowledge about the anatomy of the EAS muscle, and confirms new concepts of anatomical differences between gender. This may eventually be transferred to a new understanding of the role of symmetry and asymmetry of pelvic floor innervation and its role in the pathogenesis of fecal incontinence.

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Section: Surface Emg Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The external anal sphincter and the role of surface electromyography

Enck¹,

Hinninghofen²,

Merletti³

et al. 2005

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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“…Previous studies of pelvic muscle contractile function have focused on maximum or sustained pressure attained during voluntary contractions as the primary variables. Similar measurements have been reported with electromyography [2]. Measurement of pelvic muscle function is crucial to the understanding of the alterations in urinary continence that result from behavioral management techniques such as biofeedback and pelvic muscle exercise (PME).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Pelvic muscle profile types in response to pelvic muscle exercise

1995

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Abstract:The purpose of this research was to describe the contractile response of pelvic muscle to exercise (PME). Pelvic muscle pressure curves from ten randomly selected records from a larger study of 65 women with urodynamically demonstrated stress urinary incontinence (SUI) were analyzed. The subjects completed a PME protocol that lasted 16 weeks. Five pressure curves before and after 16 weeks of exercise were analyzed and classified according to pressure-time profile types. Descriptive statistics revealed decreases in urine loss variables and increases in pelvic muscle pressure curve variables. Changes in profile characteristics suggested an increase in type II muscle fiber recruitment; recruitment of type I fibers that appeared less fatigable; and increased contractile force of both type I and type II fibers. Changes were analyzed by descriptive statistics and by reference to putative types. Reference to profile types may be useful to PME prescription to enhance fiber type-specific performance.

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“…It lifts the bladder anterosuperiorly and moves the urethra anteriorly 113 without increasing bladder pressure. 114 This motion has been confirmed by dynamic MRI as resulting from an isolated PFM contraction. 42 The mechanisms resulting in successful treatment of SUI using PFM exercise are: (i) that women can contract their PFM prior to an event that is known to cause leakage thereby avoiding leakage, (ii) that exercise can cause hypertrophy of the PFM and the supporting connective tissue to improve the ability of the tissue to resist increases in intra-abdominal pressure, and (iii) that, through motor learning, automatic firing of the PFM motor units can be improved.…”

Section: Recommended Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 66%

A Contextual Model of Pelvic Floor Muscle Defects in Female Stress Urinary Incontinence

Madill

McLean

2007

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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On the basis of the current literature, we describe a model of structural defects in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and how physiotherapy for SUI can affect each component of the model with reference to the relevant anatomy and pathophysiology. This model of SUI involves four primary structural defects: (1) increased tonic stress on the pelvic fascia due to pelvic floor muscle (PFM) tears; (2) fascial tearing due to PFM denervation; (3) fascial weakness resulting from tears; and (4) inefficient PFM contraction due to altered motor control. These four components interact to collectively weaken urethral closure and allow urine leakage under conditions of increased intra-abdominal pressure. Physiotherapy can strengthen the PFM and may improve the efficiency and/or timing of PFM contractions to reduce or eliminate SUI. It is worthwhile for motivated women with SUI to try PFM exercise therapy as a first approach to treatment. Women need to be individually instructed to ensure that they correctly perform PFM contractions and that they can monitor their own performance. Long-term, high-intensity exercise, including home exercise, is necessary to achieve maximum effect. Under these conditions the improvement in urinary continence with PFM exercise can be complete and enduring.

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EMG-Patterns of Pelvic Floor Muscles with Surface Electrodes

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

The external anal sphincter and the role of surface electromyography

The external anal sphincter and the role of surface electromyography

Pelvic muscle profile types in response to pelvic muscle exercise

A Contextual Model of Pelvic Floor Muscle Defects in Female Stress Urinary Incontinence

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