Emission and Cytotoxicity of Surgical Smoke: Cholesta-3,5-Diene Released from Pyrolysis of Prostate Tissue

Abstract

Respiratory and lung irritants can be a by-product of the surgical pyrolysis of human tissues. Seven prostate tissues were collected during the transurethral resection of a prostate (TURP). Tissue samples, pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis sampling system, were collected and analyzed for the characterization of aerosols in the surgical smoke. In the pyrolyzed particulate matter (PM) from the TURP, Cholestra-3,5-diene was identified as the most dominant component along with 9-methylanthracene, hentriacontane, and dotriacontane based on the mass fragment structure determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). As a molecular marker, Cholesta-3,5-diene can be associated with a cytotoxic in primary human oral keratinocytes (HOK). In this research, the presence of Cholestra-3,5-diene is reported for the first time as a by-product of surgical pyrolysis.

Study on Influencing Factors and Control Strategies of Surgical Smoke Concentration Distribution

“…6(B). The main component of the suspended particles in the operating smoke produced by the three kinds of scalpels at the upper part of the operating table was PM2.5 (Bae et al, 2018). 124.3 μg m -3 for the electric, laser, and ultrasound scalpel operations, respectively in Fig.…”

“…As a typical highly clean indoor space in Fig. 1(A), surgical operating rooms face the intrusion of different pollutants, such as medical gases, cell debris, and aerosols, which severely endanger the health of patients and medical staff (Bree et al, 2017;Lee et al, 2018). With the development of surgical techniques and the widespread use of equipment, surgical smoke as a typical source of pollution poses a significant hazard in surgical environments (Wang et al, 2016;Buonanno et al, 2019).…”

State of the Science: A Concept Analysis of Surgical Smoke

“…In the more detailed definitions, the authors included causes and consequences of surgical smoke. We uncovered several definitions that included the chemical components, particles, and viable suspensions found in surgical smoke [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and instruments that produce surgical smoke. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Inhalation of particulate matter can negatively affect the health of OR staff members.…”

“…[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Inhalation of particulate matter can negatively affect the health of OR staff members. 21 Particles released in surgical smoke can range in size based on the type of energy-generating device used and have been measured at <0.1…”

“…37(p383) The consequences and occupational health risks of inhaling surgical smoke were discussed in the literature as early as the 1980s 9 and have since been validated. 21,37,38 Surgical smoke may be as mutagenic as cigarette smoke. 9,22 In several articles, the authors mentioned the instruments or devices that produced surgical smoke, which included heat-generating devices, such as lasers, 28 electrosurgical units, [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] and ultrasonic power tools; 35,36 some included the type of tissue, power setting, and amount of cutting or coagulation that can produce health consequences for patients and perioperative personnel.…”