Emission and performance characteristics of an indirect ignition diesel engine fuelled with waste cooking oil

Kalam, M.A.; Masjuki, H.H.; Jayed, M.H.; Liaquat, A.M.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2010.10.026

Cited by 208 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…There are certain factors that affect CO emissions such as air-fuel ratio, engine speed, injection timing, atomization rate and fuel type [37,49]. As reported by Kalam et al [50], C5 and P5 combustion reduced CO emissions 7.3% and 21% compared to diesel fuel, even though C5 has the lowest viscosity. It found that P5 has lower CO emissions due to the effect of the high unsaturated fatty acids in palm oil.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect on Particulate and Gas Emissions by Combusting Biodiesel Blend Fuels Made from Different Plant Oil Feedstocks in a Liquid Fuel Burner

et al. 2016

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This paper focuses on the combustion performance of various blends of biodiesel fuels and diesel fuel from lean to rich mixtures. The biodiesel blend fuel combustion experiments were carried out using a liquid fuel burner and biodiesel fuel made from various plant oil feedstocks, including jatropha, palm and coconut oils. The results show that jatropha oil methyl ester blend 25 (JOME B25) and coconut oil methyl ester blend 25 (COME B25) blended at 25% by volume in diesel fuel produced lower carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions due to more complete combustion. Overall, JOME B25 had the highest CO emission reduction, at about 42.25%, followed by COME B25 at 26.44% emission reduction relative to pure diesel fuel. By contrast, the palm oil methyl ester blend 25 (POME B25) showed a 48.44% increase in these emissions. The results showed that the nitrogen oxides (NO x ) emissions were slightly higher for all biodiesel blend fuels compared with pure diesel fuel combustion. In case of sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) and UHC emissions, all biodiesel blends fuels have significantly reduced emissions. In the case of SO 2 emission, the POME B25, JOME B25 and COME B25 emissions were reduced 14.62%, 14.45% and 21.39%, respectively, relative to SO 2 emission from combusting pure diesel fuel. UHC emissions of POME B25, JOME B25 and COME B25 showed 51%, 71% and 70% reductions, respectively, compared to diesel fuel. The conclusion from the results is that all the biodiesel blend fuels are suitable and can be recommended for use in liquid fuel burners in order to get better and 'greener' environmental outcomes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect on Particulate and Gas Emissions by Combusting Biodiesel Blend Fuels Made from Different Plant Oil Feedstocks in a Liquid Fuel Burner

et al. 2016

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“…Estimated amounts of waste cooking oil from developed countries are about 4.0-6.0 × 10 6 tons year -1 in Japan (Yu et al, 2002;Ramadhas et al, 2004) in Malaysia (Kalam et al, 2011) and 7.0 × 10 4 tons year -1 from Taiwan (Tsai et al, 2007). After many frying cycles at elevated temperatures and, while exposed to the atmosphere, the waste oil deteriorates in quality in comparison to the original fresh oil making, thus rendered unsuitable for further use and consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the transition from original fresh to waste cooking oil, many transformations occur, which include thickening and becoming viscous, change in color from yellow to brown, formation of foam, and increase in specific heat (Maskan, 2003;Kulkarni and Dalai, 2006;Hassanien and Sharoba, 2014). Therefore, in order to prevent potential environmental and health problems such as clogging of drainage systems, river pollution (Yu et al, 2002), illegal selling after refining (Liang et al, 2013) and possible introduction of toxic compounds in the food chain (Kulkarni and Dalai, 2006;Lu and Wu, 2014), many nations have set up policies to ban illegal disposal of waste cooking oil (Kalam et al, 2011;Patil et al, 2012). New ways of tapping into waste cooking oil as an economic resource have been researched over the years (Valdés and Garcia, 2006;Naima and Liazid, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Application of waste cooking oils include soap making, biodiesel production, co-combustion in diesel engines, furnaces and burners (Ramadhas et al, 2004;Zheng et al, 2006;Lu et al, 2013;Chang et al, 2014a;Mahfouz et al, 2015;Tsai et al, 2015aTsai et al, , b, 2016 due to the relatively low cost of waste cooking oil as a raw material (Sabudak and Yildiz, 2010). Conversely, waste cooking oil contains large amounts of free fatty acids (FFA), high water content and impurities, which are major drawbacks in soap making and biodiesel production (Leung and Guo, 2006;Predojević, 2008;Sabudak and Yildiz, 2010), while high viscosity values poses problems in pumping and injection in diesel engines (Kalam et al, 2011;Mwangi et al, 2015). Additionally, the high cost of biodiesel production from raw waste cooking oil presents an obstacle to successfully exploit it as a resource.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, raw waste cooking oil has been directly used as a cheap substitute for conventional petroleum fuels in combustion process (Kalam et al, 2011;Mwangi et al, 2015). Kalam et al (2011) noted that application of 5% waste palm oil and 5% waste coconut oil mixed with 95% diesel fuel in an engine resulted in reductions of the emissions of unburned hydrocarbon (HC) (17-23%), smoke (1.75-3.33%), CO (7.3-21%), and NOx (1%), when compared to diesel fuel operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduction of Persistent Organic Pollutant Emissions during Incinerator Start-up by Using Crude Waste Cooking Oil as an Alternative Fuel

Chen

Lee

Mwangi

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Illegal harvesting and recycling of waste cooking oil, also referred to as "gutter oil" in many countries, poses a great food safety threat. Thus, in this study the feasibility of using waste cooking oil as an auxiliary fuel in the furnace of laboratory waste incinerator was evaluated in terms of toxic pollutant emissions. Two fuel blends (W20D80 and W40D60) were blended from varying proportions of diesel fuel (D100), and waste cooking oil (W100) and their physio-chemical characteristics were subsequently determined and compared. Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) of D100, W100, W20D80 and W40D60 showed that diesel fuel consist of more volatile short aliphatic hydrocarbons, while the waste cooking oil and its blends had more thermal stable unsaturated long chain molecules. After the de novo synthesis window of 200-400°C, 40% of waste cooking oil and 60% of diesel (W40D60) was injected at around 500-700°C, and reduced the toxicity concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PCBs by an average of 86% and 94%, respectively. This study demonstrated that, by using waste cooking oil as a fuel blend, not only can reduce the possibility of "gutter oil" being put in the food to damage the health of human beings, but also can be recycled as a kind of green fuel to reduce the emissions of persistent organic pollutants (POPs).

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Unveiling Biodiesel Production: Exploring Reaction Protocols, Catalysts, and Influential Factors

Ullah,

Bustam,

Ullah

et al. 2024

ChemBioEng Reviews

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An environmentally responsible and sustainable replacement for finite fossil fuels is biodiesel. Because of its amazing qualities, biodiesel is becoming more and more popular as a renewable fuel around the globe. The many approaches, feedstocks, catalysts, comparison standards, reaction kinetics, final product analysis, and final product characterization of biodiesel are covered in this review article. Researchers have used a variety of techniques to produce biodiesel throughout history, with transesterification emerging as the most effective approach in more recent times. Numerous studies on biodiesel feedstock and catalysts to produce high biodiesel yields have been published; nevertheless, it should be highlighted that the type of feedstock must be considered while choosing a catalyst. The review paper highlights the significance of several parameters that are crucial to the manufacture of biodiesel, without which achieving a high yield would be challenging. The literature has also discussed the limitations and advantages of different catalysts, and scientists are currently working to identify the ideal catalyst within certain optimal parameters for the manufacture of biodiesel. Homogeneous reaction‐based biodiesel synthesis has a number of drawbacks, though, such as water content, a laborious purification procedure, and a low tolerance for free fatty acids. To address these issues, scientists have started investigating heterogeneous reactions involving solid catalysts. A large pore network, a moderate‐to‐high density of strong acid sites, a hydrophobic surface, and the ability to control surface hydrophobicity to avoid deactivation are all desirable characteristics of an ideal solid catalyst. Ion exchange resins, sulfated oxides, heterogeneous base catalysts, boron group‐based heterogeneous catalysts, alkaline earth metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, alkali metal oxides, heterogeneous catalysts derived from waste materials, and different approaches to biodiesel synthesis that employ enzymes, carbon‐based heterogeneous catalysts, and ionic liquids as catalysts are among the categories of catalysts that can be used in the production of biodiesel. The finest benchmarks to compare the quality of biodiesel with European and American Society for Testing Material standards. For detailed characterization of the finished product, gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance are the most effective methods.

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Emission and performance characteristics of an indirect ignition diesel engine fuelled with waste cooking oil

Cited by 208 publications

References 16 publications

Effect on Particulate and Gas Emissions by Combusting Biodiesel Blend Fuels Made from Different Plant Oil Feedstocks in a Liquid Fuel Burner

Effect on Particulate and Gas Emissions by Combusting Biodiesel Blend Fuels Made from Different Plant Oil Feedstocks in a Liquid Fuel Burner

Reduction of Persistent Organic Pollutant Emissions during Incinerator Start-up by Using Crude Waste Cooking Oil as an Alternative Fuel

Unveiling Biodiesel Production: Exploring Reaction Protocols, Catalysts, and Influential Factors

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