Emission characteristic of ammonia in cement mortars using different sand from area of production

Jang, Hyung‐Kwan; So, Hyoung-Seok; So, Seungyoung

doi:10.4491/eer.2015.136

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Pets, when present, also emit ammonia 96 . Other indoor sources include cooking, 97 smoking, 98‐100 cleaning products, 91,93 and concrete 101‐103 …”

Section: Acids and Basesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor acids and bases

2020

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Numerous acids and bases influence indoor air quality. The most abundant of these species are CO2 (acidic) and NH3 (basic), both emitted by building occupants. Other prominent inorganic acids are HNO3, HONO, SO2, H2SO4, HCl, and HOCl. Prominent organic acids include formic, acetic, and lactic; nicotine is a noteworthy organic base. Sources of N‐, S‐, and Cl‐containing acids can include ventilation from outdoors, indoor combustion, consumer product use, and chemical reactions. Organic acids are commonly more abundant indoors than outdoors, with indoor sources including occupants, wood, and cooking. Beyond NH3 and nicotine, other noteworthy bases include inorganic and organic amines. Acids and bases partition indoors among the gas‐phase, airborne particles, bulk water, and surfaces; relevant thermodynamic parameters governing the partitioning are the acid‐dissociation constant (Ka), Henry's law constant (KH), and the octanol‐air partition coefficient (Koa). Condensed‐phase water strongly influences the fate of indoor acids and bases and is also a medium for chemical interactions. Indoor surfaces can be large reservoirs of acids and bases. This extensive review of the state of knowledge establishes a foundation for future inquiry to better understand how acids and bases influence the suitability of indoor environments for occupants, cultural artifacts, and sensitive equipment.

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“…Pets, when present, also emit ammonia 96 . Other indoor sources include cooking, 97 smoking, 98‐100 cleaning products, 91,93 and concrete 101‐103 …”

Section: Acids and Basesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor acids and bases

2020

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“…of fly ash with 400 ppm of ammonia. Comparison of received levels of emission with literature data [17,22,30,49] is rather difficult due to different compositions of tested mortars/concretes, different initial amount of ammonia in composites and also different ways of measure the emission of ammonia. In our work we have tested the emission according to European standards but other researchers have performed their tests mostly according to their own procedures.…”

Section: Emission Of Ammonia From Mortarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The requirements of the US Department of Health and Human Services [22,23] (less than 1 mg/m 3 ) are fulfilled after 7 days for samples with 15% and 25% of fly ash, and after about 13 days for samples with 50% of fly ash. When the concentration is above 5 ppm an ammonia odour can be detected [26], which for samples 50% D and 50% E means a period of about one week.…”

Section: Emission Of Ammonia From Mortarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the US Department of Health and Human Services [22,23], long-term exposure to air with an NH 3 concentration above 1 ppm can cause irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) limits exposure to air with 35 ppm of ammonia to no longer than 15 min and to air with 50 ppm to no longer than 5 min [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emission of ammonia from cement composites was investigated by Hongseok et al [22] who observed a rise of ammonia content in air from mortar with aggregate containing organic matter. Bai et.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fly Ash with Ammonia: Properties and Emission of Ammonia from Cement Composites

2021

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The article presents the results of tests performed on fly ash with a high content of ammonium (up to 400 ppm) from the NOx reduction process. The main properties of fly ash were tested according to EN 450-1 and the results were compared with fly ash without ammonium. The comparison showed that fly ash with high concentration of ammonium suits the requirements of the European standard. Although the requirements do not limit the ammonium content, using such material as an additive for cement composites causes the emission of gaseous ammonium during mixing and from the final product. For this reason, the emission of ammonium from mortars containing fly ash were tested. The results have shown that using high ammonium fly ash might pollute indoor air and affect the health of users.

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Evaporation of anhydrous ammonia from small concrete coupons and implications regarding evaporation from a large accidental spill on concrete

Languirand,

Phung,

Hanna

et al. 2023

Process Safety Progress

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Anhydrous ammonia is transported via ship, rail, and road everyday in the United States as a refrigerated liquid at ambient pressure. As a result, unintential release of a large amount of anhydrous ammonia could result from an accident during transportation. The aim of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the evaporation of anhydrous ammonia from porous media. In our investigation, laboratory‐scale concrete coupons were used as a surrogate for a larger concrete pad that could be present in an event involving an unintentional release of liquid anhydrous ammonia. Concrete coupons sized 5 cm × 5 cm × 1.9 cm were saturated in liquid anhydrous ammonia, and measurements of the subsequent evaporation from the coupons were made in an environmental chamber. The ambient air temperature within the chamber varied from 5 to 45°C, and the relative humidity varied from 5% to 75%. Mass‐difference calculation and Berthelot's reaction were used to determine the average evaporation rate from a concrete coupon across all trials, which was found to be 6.5 ± 1.9 mg/s. To validate these evaporation rates, the remaining ammonia in the concrete coupon was measured for each trial. We found that the time‐integrated calculated evaporation rates correlated well with the total mass of ammonia that was lost from the coupons. In addition, it was found that ambient air temperature and relative humidity had little influence on anhydrous ammonia evaporation from the concrete coupons.

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Emission characteristic of ammonia in cement mortars using different sand from area of production

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Indoor acids and bases

Indoor acids and bases

Fly Ash with Ammonia: Properties and Emission of Ammonia from Cement Composites

Evaporation of anhydrous ammonia from small concrete coupons and implications regarding evaporation from a large accidental spill on concrete

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