Emission Characteristics and Cancer Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from Diesel-fueled Vehicles Complying with Recent Regulations

Kashiwakura, Kiriko; Sakamoto, Kazuhiko

doi:10.1248/jhs.56.200

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As pyrene is one of the most widely reported molecules in soot studies (e.g., Pakbin et al, 2009;Kashiwakura and Sakamoto, 2010) and contributes a major fraction to the total PAH mass on the particles we use its values of molar mass M and molecular cross section σ as representative values for soot-bound PAHs: M PAH = 202.3 × 10 −3 kg mol −1 and σ PAH = 8 × 10 −15 cm 2 representing four aromatic rings of 2×10 −15 cm 2 (Shiraiwa et al, 2009).…”

Section: Physico-chemical Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important class of surface-bound organics found in the analysis of soot particles are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Rogge et al, 1993;Pakbin et al, 2009;El Haddad et al, 2009;Kashiwakura and Sakamoto, 2010), some of which are toxic or carcinogenic (Finlayson-Pitts and Pitts, 2000). PAHs, such as benzo [a]pyrene or pyrene, are generated along with the soot particles during combustion and some of them subsequently condense on the particles (Finlayson-Pitts and Pitts, 2000;Seinfeld and Pandis, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Detailed heterogeneous oxidation of soot surfaces in a particle-resolved aerosol model

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.Using the particle-resolved aerosol model PartMC-MOSAIC, we simulate the heterogeneous oxidation of a monolayer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on soot particles in an urban atmosphere. We focus on the interaction of the major atmospheric oxidants (O 3 , NO 2 , OH, and NO 3 ) with PAHs and include competitive co-adsorption of water vapour for a range of atmospheric conditions. For the first time detailed heterogeneous chemistry based on the Pöschl-Rudich-Ammann (PRA) framework is modelled on soot particles with a realistic size distribution and a continuous range of chemical ages. We find PAH half-lives, τ 1/2 , on the order of seconds during the night, when the PAHs are rapidly oxidised by the gas-surface reaction with NO 3 . During the day, τ 1/2 is on the order of minutes and determined mostly by the surface layer reaction of PAHs with adsorbed O 3 . Such short half-lives of surface-bound PAHs may lead to efficient conversion of hydrophobic soot into more hygroscopic particles, thus increasing the particles' aerosol-cloud interaction potential. Despite its high reactivity OH appears to have a negligible effect on PAH degradation which can be explained by its very low concentration in the atmosphere. An increase of relative humidity (RH) from 30 % to 80 % increases PAH half-lives by up to 50 % for daytime degradation and by up to 100 % or more for nighttime degradation. Uptake coefficients, averaged over the particle population, are found to be relatively constant over time for O 3 (∼ 2 × 10 −7 to ∼ 2×10 −6 ) and NO 2 (∼ 5×10 −6 to ∼ 10 −5 ) at the different levels of NO x emissions and RH considered in this study. In contrast, those for OH and NO 3 depend strongly on the surface concentration of PAHs. We do not find a significantCorrespondence to: N. Riemer (nriemer@illinois.edu) influence of heterogeneous reactions on soot particles on the gas phase composition. The derived half-lives of surfacebound PAHs and the time and particle population averaged uptake coefficients for O 3 and NO 2 presented in this paper can be used as parameterisations for the treatment of heterogeneous chemistry in large-scale atmospheric chemistry models.

show abstract

Section: Physico-chemical Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed heterogeneous oxidation of soot surfaces in a particle-resolved aerosol model

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An important class of surface-bound organics found in the analysis of soot particles are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Rogge et al, 1993;Pakbin et al, 2009;El Haddad et al, 2009;Kashiwakura and Sakamoto, 2010), some of which are toxic or carcinogenic (Finlayson-Pitts and Pitts, 2000). PAHs, such as benzo[a]pyrene or pyrene, are generated along with the soot particles during combustion and some of them subsequently condense on the particles (Finlayson-Pitts and Pitts, 2000;Seinfeld and Pandis, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed heterogeneous oxidation of soot surfaces in a particle-resolved aerosol model

Kaiser¹,

Riemer²,

Knopf³

2011

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We simulate the heterogeneous oxidation of condensed phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on soot particles in an urban atmosphere using the particle-resolved aerosol model PartMC-MOSAIC. We focus on the interaction of the major atmospheric oxidants (O3, NO2, OH, and NO3) with PAHs and include competitive co-adsorption of water vapour for a range of atmospheric conditions. For the first time detailed heterogeneous chemistry based on the Pöschl-Rudich-Ammann (PRA) framework is modelled on soot particles with a realistic size distribution and a continuous range of chemical ages. We find PAH half-lives τ1/2 on the order of seconds during the night, when the PAHs are rapidly oxidized by the gas-surface reaction with NO3. During the day, τ1/2 is on the order of minutes and determined mostly by the surface layer reaction of PAHs with adsorbed O3. Such short PAH half-lives may lead to efficient conversion of hydrophobic soot into more hygroscopic particles, thus increasing the particles' aerosol-cloud interaction potential. Despite its high reactivity appears to have a negligible effect on PAH degradation which can be explained by its very low concentration in the atmosphere. An increase of relative humidity from 30% to 80% increases PAH half-lives by up to 50% for daytime degradation and by up to 100% or more for nighttime degradation. Uptake coefficients, averaged over the particle population, are found to be relatively constant over time for O3 (~2×10−7 to ~2×10−6) and NO2 (~5×10−6 to ~10−5) at the different levels of NOx emissions and RH considered in this study. In contrast, those for OH and NO3 depend strongly on the surface concentration of PAhs. We do not find a significant influence of heterogeneous reactions on soot particles on the gas phase composition. The PAH half-lives presented in this paper can be used as parameterisations for the treatment of heterogeneous chemistry in large-scale atmospheric chemistry models

show abstract

“…They used 800 cm 3 and 3455 cm 3 motor cars to collect samples for petrol-and diesel-fuelled vehicles, respectively. They found 14 PAHs in petrol-and 13 in diesel-fuelled motor car exhaust.Similarly, an investigation was conducted byKashiwakura et al (2010) to evaluate 13 PAHs in the emissions from three diesel vehicles while two of them were equipped with oxidation catalysts and one with a urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system. In all cases, emission values were lower than conventional diesel vehicles without any after-treatment device, while naphthalene had the highest emission level.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Automotive Wastes

Bari¹,

Kindzierski²,

Lashaki³

et al. 2011

Water Environment Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Emission Characteristics and Cancer Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from Diesel-fueled Vehicles Complying with Recent Regulations

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Detailed heterogeneous oxidation of soot surfaces in a particle-resolved aerosol model

Detailed heterogeneous oxidation of soot surfaces in a particle-resolved aerosol model

Detailed heterogeneous oxidation of soot surfaces in a particle-resolved aerosol model

Automotive Wastes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About