Emission Characteristics of a Navistar 7.3L Turbodiesel Fueled with Blends of Oxygenates and Diesel

Chapman, Elana; Bhide, Shirish; Boehman, André L.; Tijm, P.J.A.; Waller, Francis J.

doi:10.4271/2000-01-2887

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In general, THC emissions reduced with the increase in engine load, owing to the increase in peak cylinder temperature, and the least THC emissions were observed at elevated engine loads. Over the test engine loads (0.2 to 0.8 MPa BMEP), D85DM15 demonstrated higher THC emissions than diesel due to its higher heat of evaporation and higher oxygen content of DME which formed over-lean mixture region [72,73]. However, Ikeda et al [74] studied the emission characteristics of DME-diesel blends in a diesel engine and found no considerable discrepancy in THC emissions for DME-diesel blends compared with baseline diesel.…”

Section: Thc Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of pentanol and dimethyl ether blending with diesel on the combustion performance and emission characteristics in a compression ignition engine under low temperature combustion mode

Raza

Chen

Ruiz

et al. 2019

Journal of the Energy Institute

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Dimethyl ether (DME) and n-pentanol can be derived from non-food based biomass feedstock without unsettling food supplies and thus attract increasing attention as promising alternative fuels, yet some of their unique fuel properties different from diesel may significantly affect engine operation and thus limit their direct usage in diesel engines. In this study, the influence of n-pentanol, DME and diesel blends on the combustion performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine under lowtemperature combustion (LTC) mode was evaluated at various engine loads (0.2-0.8 MPa BMEP) and two Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) levels (15% and 30%). Three test blends were prepared by adding different proportions of DME and n-pentanol in baseline diesel and termed as D85DM15, D65P35, and D60DM20P20 respectively. The results showed that particulate matter (PM) mass and size-resolved PM number concentration were lower for D85DM15 and D65P35 and the least for D60DM20P20 compared ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT with neat diesel. D60DM20P20 turned out to generate the lowest NO x emissions among the test blends at high engine load, and it further reduced by approximately 56% and 32% at low and medium loads respectively. It was found that the combination of medium EGR (15%) level and D60DM20P20 blend could generate the lowest NO x and PM emissions among the tested oxygenated blends with a slight decrease in engine performance. THC and CO emissions were higher for oxygenated blends than baseline diesel and the addition of EGR further exacerbated these gaseous emissions. This study demonstrated a great potential of n-pentanol, DME and diesel (D60DM20P20) blend in compression ignition engines with optimum combustion and emission characteristics under low temperature combustion mode, yet long term durability and commercial viability have not been considered.

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Section: Thc Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of pentanol and dimethyl ether blending with diesel on the combustion performance and emission characteristics in a compression ignition engine under low temperature combustion mode

Raza

Chen

Ruiz

et al. 2019

Journal of the Energy Institute

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“…From previous studies on this same engine for the DME-diesel blend providing 2 wt.% oxygen in diesel, the cooling capacity of the heat exchanger and fuel circuit was determined to be insufficient, based on the fuel temperatures recorded, as well as observed engine instabilities [109]. In response to this shortcoming, the system, shown in Figure 3-11, was modified by the addition of a second fuel coil in the cooling bath, and a larger chiller unit for cooling the bath.…”

Section: Redesign Of the Modified Fuel Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimethyl Ether (Dme)-Fueled Shuttle Bus Demonstration Project

Chapman¹,

Bhide²,

Stefanik³

et al. 2003

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Several oxygenates have been proposed and tested for use with or as diesel fuel. This paper examines two such oxygenates, CETANER TM and dimethyl ether (DME), partially or wholly produced by Air Products and Chemicals, Inc's Liquid Phase Technology. In previous studies on a single cylinder compression ignition engine and a Volkswagen TDI four cylinder engine, significant reductions in particulate matter emissions were observed with blends of CETANER TM in diesel fuel. In this study, experiments were performed on a multicylinder Navistar 7.3L Turbodiesel engine confirmed and extended the observations from the earlier studies. This is an important step in not only showing that the fuel does perform on each type of engine in similar fashion, but also in showing that DME and its derivatives can give consistent, significant results in lowering emissions. The oxygenated fuels were blended to achieve a net addition of 2 wt.% oxygen in the blended fuel. A pressurized fueling system was developed to deliver mixtures of DME-diesel at up to 1 MPa (150 psi). With the DME-diesel blend, less consistent emissions results were obtained owing to an inability to sufficiently the fuel in the rail.

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“…The miscibility and viscosity of blends of DME and diesel fuel were characterized using pressurized, optically accessible instrumentation. These physical property measurements are part of a comprehensive study of the operation of a turbodiesel engine on DME-diesel blends which led to a field demonstration of this fueling strategy [21,22,23]. In the culmination of the demonstration, a campus shuttle bus was operated on blends of DME and diesel fuel on a shuttle route at the University Park campus of the Pennsylvania State University in the first operation of an in-service transit vehicle on DME anywhere in the world [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Dme-Diesel Fuel Blend Properties on Diesel Fuel Injection Systems

Chapman¹,

Boehman²,

Wain³

et al. 2004

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The objectives of this research program are to develop information on lubricity and viscosity improvers and their impact on the wear mechanisms in fuel injectors operating on blends of dimethyl ether (DME) and diesel fuel. Since DME is a fuel with no lubricity (i.e., it does not possess the lubricating quality of diesel fuel), conventional fuel delivery and fuel injection systems are not compatible with dimethyl ether. Therefore, to operate a diesel engine on DME one must develop a fuel-tolerant injection system, or find a way to provide the necessary lubricity to the DME. In the shuttle bus project, we have chosen the latter strategy in order to achieve the objective with minimal need to modify the engine. Our strategy is to blend DME with diesel fuel, to obtain the necessary lubricity to protect the fuel injection system and to achieve low emissions. In this project, we have sought to develop methods for extending the permissible DME content in the DME-diesel blends without experiencing rapid injector failure due to wear.Our activities have covered three areas: examination of the impact of lubricity additives on the viscosity of DME, development of a high-pressure lubricity test apparatus for studies of lubricity and viscosity improvers and development of an injector durability stand for evaluation of wear rates in fuel injectors. The first two of these areas have resulted in valuable information about the limitations of lubricity and viscosity additives that are presently available in terms of their impact on the viscosity of DME and on wear rates on injector hardware. The third area, that of development of an injector durability test stand, has not resulted in a functioning experiment. Some information is provided in this report to identify the remaining tasks that need to be performed to make the injector stand operational.The key observations from the work are that when blended at 25 wt.% in either diesel fuel or Biodiesel fuel, DME requires more than 5 wt.% additive of all viscosity and lubricity additives tested here to even approach the lower limit of the ASTM diesel fuel viscosity requirement. To treat neat DME sufficiently to make DME comply with the ASTM diesel fuel viscosity requirement would require a viscosity additive with 10 45 cSt viscosity, which is not possible with current additive technologies. iv

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Emission Characteristics of a Navistar 7.3L Turbodiesel Fueled with Blends of Oxygenates and Diesel

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Influence of pentanol and dimethyl ether blending with diesel on the combustion performance and emission characteristics in a compression ignition engine under low temperature combustion mode

Influence of pentanol and dimethyl ether blending with diesel on the combustion performance and emission characteristics in a compression ignition engine under low temperature combustion mode

Dimethyl Ether (Dme)-Fueled Shuttle Bus Demonstration Project

Impact of Dme-Diesel Fuel Blend Properties on Diesel Fuel Injection Systems

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