Emission characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from pyrolytic processing during dismantling of electronic wastes

Cai, ChuanYang; Yu, ShuangYu; Li, XinYue; Liu, Yu; Tao, Shu; Liu, Wenxin

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.03.012

Cited by 41 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The concentration of phenanthrene (Phe) was the highest of all congeners in the handwipe samples from all populations, reaching as high as 22.2 ng/handwipe in the handwipes of EW dismantlers. Previous researchers found that the Phe was the main PAHs emitted during the dismantling of e-wastes, especially in the particulate phase (PM) . Fluorene (Flu) and pyrene (Pyr) were the most important isomers in the air particles of e-waste workshops .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous researchers found that the Phe was the main PAHs emitted during the dismantling of e-wastes, especially in the particulate phase (PM). 56 Fluorene (Flu) and pyrene (Pyr) were the most important isomers in the air particles of e-waste workshops. 29 This may explain the high concentrations of Phe, Flu, and Pyr in the handwipe samples of EW dismantlers in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying Dermal Uptake as a Significant Pathway for Human Exposure to Typical Semivolatile Organic Compounds in an E-Waste Dismantling Site: The Relationship of Contaminant Levels in Handwipes and Urine Metabolites

Tang

Lin

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Dermal exposure to semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) has recently attracted widespread attention; understanding these exposures is particularly important for people whose skin is frequently exposed to different pollution surfaces. In this study, handwipes were collected from exposed occupational workers and local residents near a typical electronic waste (e-waste) dismantling area; urine samples were also sampled. The wipes were analyzed for three typical SVOCs: polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs). The median levels of PAHs, OPFRs, and PBDEs in handwipes from e-waste dismantlers were 96.0, 183, and 238 ng, respectively. The analytes were higher in the handwipes collected from workers than those from residents, indicating that they were subjected to greater dermal exposure during primitive e-waste dismantling activities. Among the three SVOCs, the strongest correlation was found between triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) in handwipes and diphenyl phosphate (DPhP) in paired urine; the next strongest correlations were between PAHs and PBDEs and their corresponding urinary metabolites. The results showed that TPhP contributed the highest exposure to e-waste dismantlers via dermal exposure. Our research highlights the importance of dermal exposure to TPhP, which should be considered in future exposure risk assessments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Dermal Uptake as a Significant Pathway for Human Exposure to Typical Semivolatile Organic Compounds in an E-Waste Dismantling Site: The Relationship of Contaminant Levels in Handwipes and Urine Metabolites

Tang

Lin

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…In addition, Cai et al [33] showed, on the basis of the benzo/pyrene equivalent concentration, that the emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from electronic waste may have much stronger toxicity than if these were present in the gaseous phase.…”

Section: Impact Of Electrical and Electronic Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value Generation of Remanufactured Products: Multi-Case Study of Third-Party Companies

et al. 2019

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The importance of reverse logistics has increased owing to environmental factors and recent legislations. In this context, the market for remanufactured goods has become attractive. Manufacturers, retailers, and third-party companies have improved return programs and operations that add value to the return chain for electronic appliances, rather than treating it as a secondary process. The objective of this study is to identify the variables related to value generation in the reverse logistics of electronic products from the perspective of third-party companies. Reverse logistics of electronic products depends much on the context and local regulations; in addition, the fact that there are few studies on developing countries points to an important gap in extant research. This study presents the influence of quality and warranties, processing time, and partnerships between third-party companies, manufacturers, and retailers on the value generation from remanufactured products. These variables are related to optimal results and optimistic expectations for growth among third-party companies. These internal factors, together with an analysis of external factors and product portfolios, complement the scenario description for the cases studied. The main contribution of this study is to highlight the major factors, which are presented in the framework. The lessons learned can be used in other contexts involving third-party companies.

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“…Long et al (2010) developed the vacuum pyrolysis of NMF–WPCB and analysed the products and residues. Cai et al (2018) investigated the emission characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during WPCB pyrolysis. De Marco et al (2008) conducted the pyrolysis of WPCB to recover metals, energy or chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis treatment of nonmetal fraction of waste printed circuit boards: Focusing on the fate of bromine

Xiong

et al. 2020

Waste Manag Res

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Advanced thermal treatment of electronic waste offers advantages of volume reduction and energy recovery. In this work, the pyrolysis behaviour of nonmetallic fractions of waste printed circuit boards was studied. The fate of a bromine and thermal decomposition pathway of nonmetallic fractions of waste printed circuit boards were further probed. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the temperatures of maximum mass loss were located at 319°C and 361°C, with mass loss of 29.6% and 50.6%, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy analysis revealed that the spectra at temperatures of 300°C–400°C were complicated with larger absorbance intensity. The nonmetallic fractions of waste printed circuit boards decomposed drastically and more evolved products were detected in the temperature range of 600°C–1000°C. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis indicated that various brominated derivates were generated in addition to small molecules, such as CH4, H2O and CO. The release intensity of CH4 and H2O increased with temperature increasing and reached maximum at 600°C–800°C and 400°C–600°C. More bromoethane (C2H5Br) was formed as compared with HBr and methyl bromide (CH3Br). The release intensity of bromopropane (C3H7Br) and bromoacetone (C3H5BrO) were comparable, although smaller than that of bromopropene (C3H5Br). More dibromophenol (C6H4Br2O) was released than that of bromophenol (C6H5BrO) in the thermal treatment. During the thermal process, part of the ether bonds first ruptured forming bisphenol A, propyl alcohol and tetrabromobisphenol A. Then, the tetrabromobisphenol A decomposed into C6H5BrO and HBr, which further reacted with small molecules forming brominated derivates. It implied debromination of raw nonmetallic fractions of waste printed circuit boards or pyrolysis products should be applied for its environmentally sound treating.

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Emission characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from pyrolytic processing during dismantling of electronic wastes

Cited by 41 publications

References 38 publications

Identifying Dermal Uptake as a Significant Pathway for Human Exposure to Typical Semivolatile Organic Compounds in an E-Waste Dismantling Site: The Relationship of Contaminant Levels in Handwipes and Urine Metabolites

Identifying Dermal Uptake as a Significant Pathway for Human Exposure to Typical Semivolatile Organic Compounds in an E-Waste Dismantling Site: The Relationship of Contaminant Levels in Handwipes and Urine Metabolites

Value Generation of Remanufactured Products: Multi-Case Study of Third-Party Companies

Pyrolysis treatment of nonmetal fraction of waste printed circuit boards: Focusing on the fate of bromine

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