Emission Discharge Permits, Ambient Concentrations, and a Margin of Safety: Trading Solutions with a Computer-Assisted Smart Market for Air Quality

Willett, Keith; Čaplánová, Anetta; Sivák, Rudolf

doi:10.1007/s10666-014-9436-0

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For example, the web platform could be set up with (i) standardized methods for participating utilities to estimate the projected saturation levels of a given conservation program as a decision‐support tool, (ii) an electronic reporting system to keep track of utility investments, and (iii) integrate data from existing electronic meters or utility databases to keep track of actual water savings, credit balances, and compliance. Similar tools are already in place for other environmental markets and have been credited as important drivers of success [ Bauknecht et al ., ; Fletcher et al ., ; Perez Henriquez , ; Willett et al ., ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinating water conservation efforts through tradable credits: A proof of concept for drought response in the San Francisco Bay area

Gonzales

Ajami

Sun

2017

Water Resources Research

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Water utilities are increasingly relying on water efficiency and conservation to extend the availability of supplies. Despite spatial and institutional interdependency of many utilities, these demand‐side management initiatives have traditionally been tackled by individual utilities operating in isolation. In this study, we introduce a policy framework for water conservation credits that enables collaboration at the regional scale. Under the proposed approach, utilities have the flexibility to invest in water conservation measures that are appropriate for their specific service area. When utilities have insufficient capacity for local cost‐effective measures, they may opt to purchase credits, contributing to fund subsidies for utilities that do have that capacity and can provide the credits, while the region as a whole benefits from more reliable water supplies. This work aims to provide insights on the potential impacts of a water conservation credit policy framework when utilities are given the option to collaborate in their efforts. We model utility decisions as rational cost‐minimizing actors subject to different decision‐making dynamics and water demand scenarios, and demonstrate the institutional characteristics needed for the proposed policy to be effective. We apply this model to a counterfactual case study of water utility members of the Bay Area Water Supply and Conservation Agency in California during the drought period of June 2015 to May 2016. Our scenario analysis indicates that when the institutional structure and incentives are appropriately defined, water agencies can achieve economic benefits from collaborating in their conservation efforts, especially if they coordinate more closely in their decision‐making.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinating water conservation efforts through tradable credits: A proof of concept for drought response in the San Francisco Bay area

Gonzales

Ajami

Sun

2017

Water Resources Research

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“…Doan et al (2020) analysed its impact on the economies of China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore, concluding that its economic consequences were short, and that there was a quick recovery of economic growth in the selected Asian economies. Furthermore, after analysing the behavioural response to the epidemic, Noy and Shields (2019) concluded that a pandemic with a higher mortality rate could result in a catastrophic impact on the global economy because of possible drastic changes in consumer behaviour (Willett et al, 2014;Petrović & Radoman, 2020;Manić & Mirkov, 2020;Horvath et al, 2021;Sivák et al, 2019;Smekalova et al, 2014). However, academic and empirical studies have argued that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented economic crisis in the modern world (Altig et al, 2020;McKibbin & Roshen, 2021).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic growth and labour market in the European Union: lessons from COVID-19

Přívara

2022

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Research background: The world has been fighting the new pandemic caused by COVID-19 since March 2020. The subsequent restrictions on economic activity resulted in a supply shock, accompanied by a supply chain disruption, job layoffs, reduced work time and wages and decreased disposable incomes and taxes, which led to a demand shock. However, whether a close link exists between the number of confirmed cases, deaths and economic indicators during the COVID-19 pandemic remains uncertain. Purpose of the article: The current study aims to analyse the impact of the number of infections and deaths on economic growth and labour market indicators in the member states of the European Union. Methods: To achieve the main research goal, we conduct a panel data analysis on the quarterly data of 2020. Specifically, we developed three random-effects panel data econometric models to estimate the significance of infection and mortality rates for economic growth as well as employment and unemployment rates. Findings & value added: This study contributes to the existing literature by analysing the link between the infection and mortality rates of COVID-19 and selecting macro-economic indicators within the European Union. The results show that the infection rate is not a significant variable for economic growth and labour market indicators. However, an increase in the number of confirmed deaths has a significantly negative impact on the economy. Moreover, an increase in the mortality rate has a worse impact on the labour market than on economic growth in general. These results can serve as a theoretical basis for future research on the interconnections between pandemics and macro-economic indicators. The findings can also contribute to developing efficient policy instruments for mitigating the negative impact of pandemics in the future, thereby ensuring the cooperation of fiscal, monetary and health policy authorities.

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Emission Discharge Permits, Ambient Concentrations, and a Margin of Safety: Trading Solutions with a Computer-Assisted Smart Market for Air Quality

Cited by 2 publications

References 26 publications

Coordinating water conservation efforts through tradable credits: A proof of concept for drought response in the San Francisco Bay area

Coordinating water conservation efforts through tradable credits: A proof of concept for drought response in the San Francisco Bay area

Economic growth and labour market in the European Union: lessons from COVID-19

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