Emission factors for open and domestic biomass burning for use in atmospheric models

Akagi, S. K.; Yokelson, Robert J.; Wiedinmyer, Christine; Alvarado, M. J.; Reid, Jeffrey S.; Karl, T.; Crounse, J. D.; Wennberg, P. O.

doi:10.5194/acp-11-4039-2011

Cited by 1,772 publications

(2,535 citation statements)

References 189 publications

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“…Also it is worth noting that, between GFED3 and GFED4, the fuel consumption was lowered to better match observations and that emission factor changes are substantial for some species and some biomes. Indeed global methane emissions are 25 % lower in GFED4 than in GFED3 mainly because of the new emission factors updated with Akagi et al (2011).…”

Section: Biomass Burningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FINNv1 uses MODIS satellite observations for active fires, land cover and vegetation density. The emission factors are from Akagi et al (2011), the estimated fuel loading are assigned using model results from Hoelzemann et al (2004), and the fraction of biomass burned is assigned as a function of tree cover (Wiedinmyer et al, 2006). The Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS, Kaiser et al, 2012) calculates biomass burning emissions by assimilating Fire Radiative Power (FRP) observations from MODIS at a daily frequency and 0.5 • resolution and is available for the time period 2000-2013.…”

Section: Biomass Burningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The global methane budget 2000–2012

Saunois

Bousquet

Poulter

et al. 2016

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

945

733

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Abstract. The global methane (CH 4 ) budget is becoming an increasingly important component for managing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. This relevance, due to a shorter atmospheric lifetime and a stronger warming potential than carbon dioxide, is challenged by the still unexplained changes of atmospheric CH 4 over the past decade. Emissions and concentrations of CH 4 are continuing to increase, making CH 4 the second most important human-induced greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. Two major difficulties in reducing uncertainties come from the large variety of diffusive CH 4 sources that overlap geographically, and from the destruction of CH 4 by the very short-lived hydroxyl radical (OH). To address these difficulties, we have established a consortium of multi-disciplinary scientists under the umbrella of the Global Carbon Project to synthesize and stimulate research on the methane cycle, and producing regular (∼ biennial) updates of the global methane budget. This consortium includes atmospheric physicists and chemists, biogeochemists of surface and marine emissions, and socio-economists who study anthropogenic emissions. Following Kirschke et al. (2013), we propose here the first version of a living review paper that integrates results of top-down studies (exploiting atmospheric observations within an atmospheric inverse-modelling framework) and bottom-up models, inventories and data-driven approaches (including process-based models for estimating land surface emissions and atmospheric chemistry, and inventories for anthropogenic emissions, data-driven extrapolations). . Top-down inversions consistently infer lower emissions in China (∼ 58 Tg CH 4 yr −1 , range 51-72, −14 %) and higher emissions in Africa (86 Tg CH 4 yr −1 , range 73-108, +19 %) than bottom-up values used as prior estimates. Overall, uncertainties for anthropogenic emissions appear smaller than those from natural sources, and the uncertainties on source categories appear larger for top-down inversions than for bottom-up inventories and models.The most important source of uncertainty on the methane budget is attributable to emissions from wetland and other inland waters. We show that the wetland extent could contribute 30-40 % on the estimated range for wetland emissions. Other priorities for improving the methane budget include the following: (i) the development of process-based models for inland-water emissions, (ii) the intensification of methane observations at local scale (flux measurements) to constrain bottom-up land surface models, and at regional scale (surface networks and satellites) to constrain top-down inversions, (iii) improvements in the estimation of atmospheric loss by OH, and (iv) improvements of the transport models integrated in top-down inversions.

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Section: Biomass Burningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biomass Burningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global methane budget 2000–2012

Saunois

Bousquet

Poulter

et al. 2016

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

945

733

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An important part of forest fires occurs in the form of smoldering combustion due to higher fuel moisture (Guyon et al, 2005 other hand, flaming fires, which produce abundant BC aerosol particles, tend to exhibit lower ω 0 and higher ER BC (Akagi et al, 2011). The smoke that arrives at the ATTO site during the dry season is a mixture of smoldering and flaming emissions with varying relative fractions.…”

Section: Bc To Co Enhancement Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Black and brown carbon over central Amazonia: Long-term aerosol measurements at the ATTO site

Saturno¹,

Holanda²,

Pöhlker³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. The Amazon rain forest is considered a very sensitive ecosystem that could be significantly affected by a changing climate. It is still one of the few places on Earth where the atmosphere in the continent approaches near-pristine conditions for some periods of the year. The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) has been built in central Amazonia to monitor the atmospheric and forest ecosystem conditions. The atmospheric conditions at the ATTO site oscillate between biogenic and biomass burning (BB) dominated states. By using a comprehensive ground-based aerosol measurement setup, we studied the physical and chemical properties of aerosol particles at the ATTO site. This parameterization of å abs as a function of the BC to OA mass ratio was investigated and was found applicable to tropical forest emissions but further investigation is required, especially by segregating fuel types. Additionally, important enhancements of the BC mass absorption cross-section (α abs ) were found over the measurement period. This enhancement could be linked to heavy coating of the BC aerosol particles. In the future, the BC mixing state should be systematically investigated by using different instrumental approaches.

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“…The main source of NH 3 emissions is biomass burning including biofuel combustion, agriculture, animal husbandry, NH 3 -based fertilizer, industrial processes and vehicular emission (Paulot et al, 2017;Whitburn et al, 2015;Behera et al, 2013;Akagi et al, 2011). In urban areas, domestic fires, traffic and industrial activity are generally considered as major sources of NH 3 (Sun et al, 2017;Teng et al, 2017;Perrino et al, 2002;Sapek, 2013;Sutton et al, 2000;Whitehead et al, 2007).…”

Section: Ammonia (Nh 3 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study of gaseous pollutants' measurement (NO2, SO2, NH3, HNO3 and O3) in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: contribution to an overview of gaseous pollution in African cities

Bahino¹,

Yoboue²,

Galy‐Lacaux

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. This work is part of the DACCIWA FP7 project (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa) in the framework of the Work Package 2 "Air Pollution and Health". This study aims to characterize urban air pollution levels through the measurement of NO 2 , SO 2 , NH 3 , HNO 3 and O 3 in Abidjan, the economic capital of Côte d'Ivoire. Measurements of inorganic gaseous pollutants, i.e. NO 2 , SO 2 , NH 3 , HNO 3 and O 3 were performed in Abidjan during an intensive campaign within the dry season (15 December 2015 to 16 February 2016), using INDAAF (International Network to study Deposition and Atmospheric chemistry in AFrica) passive samplers exposed in duplicate for 2-week periods. Twenty-one sites were selected in the district of Abidjan to be representative of various anthropogenic and natural sources of air pollution in the city. Results from this intensive campaign show that gas concentrations are strongly linked to surrounding pollution sources and show a high spatial variability. Also, NH 3 , NO 2 and O 3 gases were present at relatively higher concentrations at all the sites. NH 3 average concentrations varied between 9.1 ± 1.7 ppb at a suburban site and 102.1 ± 9.1 ppb at a domestic fires site. NO 2 mean concentration varied from 2.7 ± 0.1 ppb at a suburban site to 25.0 ± 1.7 ppb at an industrial site. Moreover, we measured the highest O 3 concentration at the two coastal sites of Gonzagueville and Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport located in the southeast of the city, with average concentrations of 19.1 ± 1.7 and 18.8 ± 3.0 ppb, respectively. The SO 2 average concentration never exceeded 7.2 ± 1.2 ppb over all the sites, with 71.5 % of the sampling sites showing concentrations ranging between 0.4 and 1.9 ppb. The HNO 3 average concentration ranged between 0.2 and 1.4 ppb. All these results were combined with meteorological parameters to provide the first mapping of gaseous pollutants on the scale of the district of Abidjan using geostatistical analysis (ArcGIS software). Spatial distribution results emphasize the importance of the domestic fires source and the significant impact of the traffic emissions on the scale of the city. In addition, in this work we propose a first overview of gaseous SO 2 and NO 2 concentrations on the scale of several African cities by comparing literature to our values. The daily SO 2 standard of World Health Organization (WHO) is exceeded in most of the cities reported in the overview, with concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 3662 µg m −3 . Annual NO 2 concentrations ranged from 2 to 175 µg m −3 , which are lower than the WHO threshold. As a conclusion, this study constitutes an original database to characterize urban air pollution and a first attempt towards presenting a spatial distribution of the pollution levels at the scale of the metropolis of Abidjan. This work should draw the attention of the African public authorities to the necessity of building an air quality monitoring network in order to (1) to define national standards and to bette...

show abstract

Emission factors for open and domestic biomass burning for use in atmospheric models

Cited by 1,772 publications

References 189 publications

The global methane budget 2000–2012

The global methane budget 2000–2012

Black and brown carbon over central Amazonia: Long-term aerosol measurements at the ATTO site

A pilot study of gaseous pollutants' measurement (NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>) in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: contribution to an overview of gaseous pollution in African cities

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Emission factors for open and domestic biomass burning for use in atmospheric models

Cited by 1,772 publications

References 189 publications

The global methane budget 2000–2012

The global methane budget 2000–2012

Black and brown carbon over central Amazonia: Long-term aerosol measurements at the ATTO site

A pilot study of gaseous pollutants' measurement (NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: contribution to an overview of gaseous pollution in African cities

Contact Info

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Resources

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A pilot study of gaseous pollutants' measurement (NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>) in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: contribution to an overview of gaseous pollution in African cities