Emission Inventories of Atmospheric Mercury from Anthropogenic Sources

Pacyna, Józef M.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1780-4_7

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Etna volcanoes (mean GEM values of 163 and 282 ng·m -3 , respectively). They also exceed reported GEM concentrations in the urban atmosphere, which are typically on the order of~10 ng·m -3 (Schroeder and Munthe 1998;Pacyna 1996;Liu et al 2002;Gildemeister et al 2005;Rutter et al 2009), again supporting the relevance of persistent openconduit volcanism as a major atmospheric source of Hg. Figure 4 is a plot of GEM versus SO 2(g) concentrations for the measurements made in the near-vent volcanic plumes of the 7 open-conduit volcanoes studied.…”

Section: Gem Abundancementioning

confidence: 81%

New clues on the contribution of Earth’s volcanism to the global mercury cycle

et al. 2010

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Active volcanoes are thought to be important contributors to the atmospheric mercury (Hg) budget, and this chemical element is one of the most harmful atmospheric pollutants, owing to its high toxicity and long residence time in ecosystems. There is, however, considerable uncertainty over the magnitude of the global volcanic Hg flux, since the existing data on volcanogenic Hg emissions are sparse and often ambiguous. In an attempt to extend the currently limited dataset on volcanogenic Hg emissions, we summarize the results of Hg flux measurements at seven active open-conduit volcanoes; Stromboli, Asama, Miyakejima, Montserrat, Ambrym, Yasur, and Nyiragongo.. Data from the domebuilding Soufriere Hills volcano are also reported. Using our determined mercury to SO 2 mass ratios in tandem with the simultaneously-determined SO 2 emission rates, we estimate that the 7 volcanoes have Hg emission rates ranging from 0.2 to 18 t yr -1 (corresponding to a total Hg flux of~41 t·yr -1 ). Based on our dataset and previous work, we propose that a Hg/SO 2 plume ratio~10 -5 is bestrepresentative of gas emissions from quiescent degassing volcanoes. Using this ratio, we infer a global volcanic Hg flux from persistent degassing of~95 t·yr -1 .

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Section: Gem Abundancementioning

confidence: 81%

New clues on the contribution of Earth’s volcanism to the global mercury cycle

et al. 2010

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“…Emitted directly as solid particles or condensed on solid particles, Cd was settled in such form on the ground from which it could be resuspended into the air. Contrary to Cd, the prevailing form of Se was in the vapor phase (Pacyna, 1996) and it could be adsorbed on airborne particulate matter during its transport in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Associations Of Trace Element Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Generally, the coal power station emits about 96% of the total Hg and about 60% of the total Se as a volatile form (Pacyna, 1996). In the southern segment the genesis of Hg is different from high temperature processes.…”

Section: Associations Of Trace Element Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of trace elements in aerosol at the south Adriatic coast

et al. 2004

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We applied statistical methods to the data of a 5-year sampling period to characterize the features of trace elements in airborne particulate matter at the South Adriatic Coast. The analysis of surface soil samples was also performed. The data were processed by cluster analysis, enrichment factor determination and receptor rose statistics. It is shown that the principal element association consists of Fe, Mn and Ti originating from surface material resuspension. Hg and Se were shown to originate from more complex natural and anthropogenic processes. A strong emission source of Cd and Se was identified in the SSE direction.

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“…Steel industries are known as one of the major consumer of coal, which is the chief source of mercury (Volkovic, 1983 andAirey, 1997). The integrated steel plants which composed of coke ovens, blast Furness and steel smelters are known for higher emissions of mercury with emission factor of 0.04 g per tonne of steel production in Asian countries (Borderieux et al, 2004;Pacyna and Pacyna, 2002;Pacyna, 1996;Themelis and Gregory, 2002). Around 31 Mg of mercury per year are released to the environment and no major changes in the mercury emissions have been observed for this steel sector during the 1990's and beginning of 2000's.…”

Section: Steel Sector Contribution In Mercury Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%