Emission inventory development and processing for the Seasonal Model for Regional Air Quality (SMRAQ) project

Houyoux, Marc; Vukovich, Jeffrey M.; Coats, Carlie J.; Wheeler, Neil; Kasibhatla, P. S.

doi:10.1029/1999jd900975

Cited by 329 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Emission data are one example where mass conservation is critical to avoid spurious loss or gain. The EPA's spatial allocator used in its Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) [40] processing is one way of handling emission data without compromising mass conservation. It calculates the fractional areas of overlapping polygons between raw data pixels (e.g., county shapes) and modeling grid cells.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conservative Downscaling of Satellite-Detected Chemical Compositions: NO2 Column Densities of OMI, GOME-2, and CMAQ

et al. 2018

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A conservative downscaling technique was applied when comparing nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) column densities from space-borne observations and a fine-scale regional model. The conservative downscaling was designed to enhance the spatial resolution of satellite measurements by applying the fine-scale spatial structure from the model, with strict mass conservation at each satellite footprint pixel level. With the downscaling approach, NO 2 column densities from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI; 13 × 24 km nadir footprint resolution) and the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2; 40 × 80 km) show excellent agreement with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ; 4 × 4 km) NO 2 column densities, with R = 0.96 for OMI and R = 0.97 for GOME-2. We further introduce an approach to reconstruct surface NO 2 concentrations by combining satellite column densities and simulated surface-to-column ratios from the model. Compared with the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Air Quality System (AQS) surface observations, the reconstructed surface concentrations show a good agreement; R = 0.86 for both OMI and GOME-2. This study demonstrates that the conservative downscaling approach is a useful tool to compare coarse-scale satellites with fine-scale models or observations in urban areas for air quality and emissions studies. The reconstructed fine-scale surface concentration field could be used for future epidemiology and urbanization studies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conservative Downscaling of Satellite-Detected Chemical Compositions: NO2 Column Densities of OMI, GOME-2, and CMAQ

et al. 2018

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“…The county-level air pollutant emission inventories (including pollutants of PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO x , NH 3 , VOCs and CO) were obtained from the Environmental Protection Bureaus (EPBs) of Beijing and its surrounding regions. These emission inventories were processed by the modified Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions Modeling System (SMOKE) (Houyoux et al, 2000) to generate emission inputs with high spatial and temporal resolution as required by the CMAQ model. The space distribution of PM 2.5 emissions in Beijing and surrounding regions was shown in Fig.…”

Section: Mm5-cmaq Modeling Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Monitoring and Modeling Study to Investigate Regional Transport and Characteristics of PM2.5 Pollution

Lang

Cheng

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In this study, the regional transport and characteristics of PM 2.5 pollution were examined through a case study in Beijing, China. The results from an intensive monitoring program indicate that the inorganic particles (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium), organic carbons, and the elements accounted for 35.5, 24.2, and 15.3% of the total PM 2.5 on an annual average basis, respectively. The proportions of such PM 2.5 components also showed clear seasonal variations. An integrated MM5-CMAQ modeling system was then developed to examine the regional transport of PM 2.5 and its components in Beijing within four typical months of 2010. The results indicate that the annual average total trans-boundary contribution ratio (TBCR) is 42.2, 46.3, 77.4, and 61.6% for the concentrations of PM 2.5 , sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium, respectively. A logarithmic relationship was found between the total TBCR and the PM 2.5 concentrations in Beijing for different seasons. Further investigations showed that trans-boundary transport played a major role in Beijing's PM 2.5 concentrations during the period of high pollution levels, with an annual average TBCR of 54.6%. As a result, the control of PM 2.5 pollution in Beijing needs effective cooperation between Beijing and its surrounding regions, especially during periods of heavy pollution.

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“…For mobile sources, MOBILE5b, also embedded in SMOKE, generates emission factors, which are multiplied by VMT to get emissions values. 9 CMAQ version 4.3 used in this study has been designed to approach air quality as a whole by including state-of-the-science capabilities for modeling multiple air quality subjects, including tropospheric O 3 , fine particles, toxics, acid deposition, and visibility degradation. The CMAQ modeling system simulates various chemical and physical processes that are thought to be important for understanding atmospheric trace gas transformation and distribution, such as dispersion, chemical reactions, and surface deposition.…”

Section: Experimental Work Modeling and Monitoring Data Overview Of Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one approach, VOC/nitrogen oxides (NO x ) or carbon monoxide (CO)/NO x ratios and weight fractions of individual VOC species were compared with ambient measurements during the early morning (6:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m.). 4,6,9,11,12 In another approach, receptor-modeling techniques were used to compare emissions estimates for specific source categories. 5,10,13 Receptor models take ambient measurements of speciated organic compounds and allocate VOCs to various source categories through complex statistical manipulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combined Approach for the Evaluation of a Volatile Organic Compound Emissions Inventory

Choi

Calabrese

Ehrman

et al. 2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Emissions inventories significantly affect photochemical air quality model performance and the development of effective control strategies. However, there have been very few studies to evaluate their accuracy. Here, to evaluate a volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions inventory, we implemented a combined approach: comparing the ratios of carbon bond (CB)-IV VOC groups to nitrogen oxides (NO x ) or carbon monoxide (CO) using an emission preprocessing model, comparing the ratios of VOC source contributions from a source apportionment technique to NO x or CO, and comparing ratios of CB-IV VOC groups to NO x or CO and the absolute concentrations of CB-IV VOC groups using an air quality model, with the corresponding ratios and concentrations observed at three sites (Maryland, Washington, DC, and New Jersey). The comparisons of the ethene/NO x ratio, the xylene group (XYL)/NO x ratio, and ethene and XYL concentrations between estimates and measurements showed some differences, depending on the comparison approach, at the Maryland and Washington, DC sites. On the other hand, consistent results at the New Jersey site were observed, implying a possible overestimation of vehicle exhaust. However, in the case of the toluene group (TOL), which is emitted mainly from surface coating and printing sources in the solvent utilization category, the ratios of TOL/ NO x or CO, as well as the absolute concentrations revealed an overestimate of these solvent sources by a factor of 1.5 to 3 at all three sites. In addition, the overestimate of these solvent sources agreed with the comparisons of surface coating and printing source contributions relative to NO x from a source apportionment technique to the corresponding value of estimates at the Maryland site. Other studies have also suggested an overestimate of solvent sources, implying a possibility of inaccurate emission factors in estimating VOC emissions from surface coating and printing sources. We tested the impact of these overestimates with a chemical transport model and found little change in ozone but substantial changes in calculated secondary organic aerosol concentrations. INTRODUCTIONAir quality models, composed of meteorology, chemistry, and emissions, have been widely implemented to simulate the chemistry and physics of the atmosphere and to understand the cause-effect relationships between pollutants and their precursors. Potential control measures for target air pollutants have been determined, based on those modeling results. Hence, inaccurate results from air quality modeling can lead to negative impacts that are both economic and environmental in nature. The usefulness of the output of air quality models is largely dependent on the quality of their inputs. Previous studies indicate that the uncertainties in atmospheric model results may originate mainly from the uncertainties in the emission inventories. [1][2][3] There have been very few attempts to evaluate emissions inventories. Previous studies described in detail the limitations and difficulties ass...

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Emission inventory development and processing for the Seasonal Model for Regional Air Quality (SMRAQ) project

Cited by 329 publications

References 5 publications

A Conservative Downscaling of Satellite-Detected Chemical Compositions: NO2 Column Densities of OMI, GOME-2, and CMAQ

A Conservative Downscaling of Satellite-Detected Chemical Compositions: NO2 Column Densities of OMI, GOME-2, and CMAQ

A Monitoring and Modeling Study to Investigate Regional Transport and Characteristics of PM2.5 Pollution

A Combined Approach for the Evaluation of a Volatile Organic Compound Emissions Inventory

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