Emission inventory for harbour-related activities: comparison of two distinct bottom-up methodologies

Sorte, Sandra; Rodrigues, Véra; Lourenço, Rúben; Borrego, Carlos; Monteiro, Alexandra

doi:10.1007/s11869-021-00982-3

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and SO x decreased by > 96%, while NO x decreased by only 17.0%. The results are in good agreement with Sorte et al 18 and Browning et al 38 , that reported SO x could be reduced by up to 96% and 99% after switching to 0.1%-sulfur fuel ULSFO.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…NO x emissions have also slightly reduced with the switching to lower-sulfur fuels. For example, Sorte, et al 18 estimated that SO x and PM with particle size < 10 µm diameter (PM 10 ) emissions from cargo ships could be reduced by 96% and 85% if 0.1%-sulfur instead of 2.7%-sulfur fuel is used, respectively. Wan et al 19 also estimated that SO x and PM 10 emissions from 28 vessels berthing at the Shanghai Port could be reduced by 81.2% and 71.1% if they switched to 0.1%-sulfur instead of 0.5%-sulfur fuel, respectively, while NO x reduced only by 4.7%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Real-time energy consumption and air pollution emission during the transpacific crossing of a container ship

Yeh¹,

Lin

Shen³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study presents the real-time energy consumption of a container ship’s generator engine on two round-trips from the West Coast of the US to the East Asian ports and analyzes the ship’s PM10, PM2.5, NOx, SOx, CO, and HC emissions, shore power usage, and factors affecting energy consumption. The average total energy consumption and air emissions for the two round trips were 1.72 GWh and 42.1 tons, respectively. The transpacific crossing segment had the highest average energy consumption (2848 ± 361 kWh) and pollutant emission rate (78.9 ± 10.0 kg h−1). On the other hand, the West Coast of the US had the least energy consumption due to shore power adoption. Furthermore, switching from heavy fuel oil (HFO) to ultra-low-sulfur fuel oil (ULSFO) greatly reduced the emissions of PM and SOx by > 96% and NOx by 17.0%. However, CO and HC increased by 16.9% and 36.1%, respectively, implying incomplete combustion. In addition, the energy consumption was influenced by the number of reefers and wind. Therefore, this study recommends further research on energy-efficient reefers, generator engine optimization, and shore power adoption to reduce emissions from container ships.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time energy consumption and air pollution emission during the transpacific crossing of a container ship

Yeh¹,

Lin

Shen³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Modeling has the advantage, compared to measurements, that it is possible to investigate spatial variability, long-term trends, and future scenarios. However, detailed and reliable emission estimates are needed [45].…”

Section: Approaches For the Assessment Of Shipping Impacts On Atmospheric Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shipping and Air Quality in Italian Port Cities: State-of-the-Art Analysis of Available Results of Estimated Impacts

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Populated coastal areas are exposed to emissions from harbour-related activities (ship traffic, loading/unloading, and internal vehicular traffic), posing public health issues and environmental pressures on climate. Due to the strategic geographical position of Italy and the high number of ports along coastlines, an increasing concern about maritime emissions from Italian harbours has been made explicit in the EU and IMO (International Maritime Organization, London, UK) agenda, also supporting the inclusion in a potential Mediterranean emission control area (MedECA). This work reviews the main available outcomes concerning shipping (and harbours’) contributions to local air quality, particularly in terms of concentration of particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants (mainly nitrogen and sulphur oxides), in the main Italian hubs. Maritime emissions from literature and disaggregated emission inventories are discussed. Furthermore, estimated impacts to air quality, obtained with dispersion and receptor modeling approaches, which are the most commonly applied methodologies, are discussed. Results show a certain variability that suggests the necessity of harmonization among methods and input data in order to compare results. The analysis gives a picture of the effects of this pollution source, which could be useful for implementing effective mitigation strategies at a national level.

show abstract

“…8-9). These studies often rely on estimates rather than 'real data' (Azarkamand et al, 2020, p. 13), but different estimation procedures and assumptions can lead to very different results: for example, a study at the Port of Leixões in Portugal comparing the two methodologies most frequently used to estimate carbon emissions at ports 4 found that one method produced an estimate of CO2 emissions that was 85% higher than the other (Sorte et al, 2021). Organisations such as the Greenport Congress and the Laboratorio de ingeniería sostenible have called for the development of common standards and an easy-to-use tool for calculating carbon footprints at seaports (Azarkamand et al, 2020, p. 13).…”

Section: Impacts At Seaportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Trade Facilitation on Carbon Emissions

Lucas¹

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is very little evidence that trade facilitation measures have a significant impact on carbon emissions, except in the case of trucks at land border crossings, where there is good evidence that trade facilitation can lead to significant reductions in emissions. There is good evidence that trade facilitation measures at land border crossings can reduce traffic congestion and waiting times for trucks, but only limited evidence of the impact of these improvements on carbon emissions. Computer models of inspection stations at the USA-Mexico border suggest that improving the efficiency of land border crossings through the driver, vehicle, and cargo pre-registration, automating inspection and administrative processes, and carrying out joint customs inspections could potentially reduce CO2 emissions from trucks by up to 86% in some cases. There appears to be no evidence available about whether trade facilitation efforts at seaports have an impact on carbon emissions; this issue appears to not have been studied by any ports, international agencies, or researchers. Some seaports have produced estimates of their carbon footprints, but none appear to have considered customs inspection or other activities related to trade facilitation as a distinct activity. Very few studies address the impacts of trade facilitation on carbon emissions across global value chains. Two studies that have done so suggest that trade facilitation measures could lead to small increases in CO2 emissions, ranging from less than 0.1% to 2.23%. Studies examining the more general relationship between increasing trade and carbon emissions, without specifically focusing on trade facilitation measures, have found mixed results including positive, negative, and inverse U-shaped relationships in different countries and groups of countries; several of these studies suggest that a country’s level of economic development and quality of political institutions influence the relationship between trade openness and carbon emissions.

show abstract

Emission inventory for harbour-related activities: comparison of two distinct bottom-up methodologies

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Real-time energy consumption and air pollution emission during the transpacific crossing of a container ship

Real-time energy consumption and air pollution emission during the transpacific crossing of a container ship

Shipping and Air Quality in Italian Port Cities: State-of-the-Art Analysis of Available Results of Estimated Impacts

Impacts of Trade Facilitation on Carbon Emissions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About