Emission of Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) from Sewage Sludge Incinerators in Japan

Shiota, Kenji; Takaoka, Masaki; Yamaguchi, Shuji; Oshita, Kazuyuki

doi:10.1080/07373937.2015.1026977

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Shiota et al investigated 177 Japanese sewage sludge incineration plants and provided data on incineration capacity and emission controls (e.g., electrostatic precipitator, wet scrubber, wet electrostatic precipitator, bag filter, and ceramic filter). PM 2.5 was measured by hot stack sampling using a cascade impactor (based on JIS Z8808 and K0302) to determine EFs and removal efficiencies of the control devices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supporting Information (SI), Table S1 summarizes Bunker A properties, showing high sulfur (800 ppm) and low elemental (mostly <1 ppm) contents. Dried sludge composition is considered proprietary, but it typically consists of ∼80% organics and 20% ash. , The facility is equipped with a cyclone separator that removes large nonvolatile particles from the flue gas before emitted to the atmosphere via the stack. The flue gas exhaust temperature was 160 °C, with a water content of 8.4%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volatility Distribution of Organic Compounds in Sewage Incineration Emissions

Fujitani

Sato

Toko

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Intermediate volatility and semivolatile organic compounds (IVOC/ SVOC) are important precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) while SVOC is an important contributor to primary organic aerosol (POA). However, combustion emissions data for volatility classes are limited. This study reports the gas and particle emissions that were sampled with various dilution factors from a sewage sludge incinerator burning fuel oil. Volatility distributions were determined using measurements from online mass spectrometry and offline organic compound analyses. In the low volatility organic compound (LVOC) to IVOC range, volatility bins with organic saturation concentrations of 10−100 μg m −3 were most abundant, which was due to organic acids generated from sludge burning. Organic aerosol (OA) emission factors (EF OA ) increased 1.4 times after cooling to ambient temperatures in comparison to those of the samples from the hot stack. Upon further isothermal dilution at 25 °C, the EF OA decreased while organic gas phase EFs increased with increasing dilution. Phase partitioning in volatility bins with saturation concentrations of 10−100 μg m −3 was sensitive to isothermal dilution that influenced the EFs. Therefore, gas-and particle-phase measurements alone cannot constrain EFs for these volatility classes. Low dilution factors may overestimate the particle phase and underestimate the gas phase EFs compared with real-world emission conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatility Distribution of Organic Compounds in Sewage Incineration Emissions

Fujitani

Sato

Toko

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Two articles measured PM 2.5 emission at sewage plants. The latest study was conducted by Shiota et al ( 35 ) in 2015. Anderson stack filters were utilized and located at five sewage sludge incinerators in Japan to measure PM 2.5 emission mass concentration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two articles measured PM 2.5 emission at sewage plants. The latest study was conducted by Shiota et al (35) in 2015.…”

Section: Pm 25 Concentration In the Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of Potential Occupational Respiratory Hazards Exposure Among Sewage Workers

Muzaini

Yasin

Ismail

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Background: Sewage workers have a higher risk of exposure to various potential occupational respiratory hazards found in sewage plants. Although previous studies discuss occupational respiratory hazard concentration impacting sewage workers' respiratory health, the results are scarce and mixed. Hence, there is a need to identify the potential respiratory hazards in sewage plants so as to clarify the short- and long-term respiratory health effects. Therefore, this systematic review (SR) aims to critically review previous studies investigating potential respiratory hazards found at sewage plants and their effects on sewage workers' respiratory health.Methods: An SR was conducted using PubMed, EBSCO Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar on peer-reviewed studies published between January 1994 and October 2020 evaluating the impact of potential exposure to respiratory hazards and its effects on respiratory health among sewage workers. “Sewage treatment plant,” “respiratory hazards,” and “respiratory health effects” were the three main search terms chosen in this SR. The inclusion criteria were (1) studies on potential occupational respiratory hazard exposure among sewage workers, (2) manuscripts written in English, and (3) studies published in the peer-reviewed literature. The human observational studies' quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool.Results: We identified 5,660 articles through an initial database search. Only 26 items met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review; 15 human observational studies and 11 environmental assessment studies were conducted in the sewage industries. Most of the human observational studies were rated as moderate quality, two studies were rated as weak quality, and one study with strong quality was identified. Hydrogen sulfide, bioaerosols, particulate matter 2.5 (PM 2.5), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) were found to be potential respiratory hazards. Most of the risks contributed to adverse outcomes on the sewage workers' respiratory health with some inconsistent findings on the relationship between respiratory hazard exposure and respiratory health effects.Conclusion: Our review finds that, although this area is of great importance, quality studies are still lacking. There is a need for additional studies to clarify the effects of respiratory hazard exposure on sewage workers and respiratory health, especially PM 2.5 and VOC.

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“…In China, municipal solid waste contains large amounts of biomass, which would increase PM 2.5 discharge upon incineration. Only a few studies focus on PM 2.5 from flue gas, which is an important source of PM 2.5 in ambient air. , There is a need to study how PM 2.5 was released from biomass combustion so that a suitable control method for combustion or incineration management can be developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM_2.5 Emission Behavior from Laboratory-Scale Combustion of Typical Municipal Solid Waste Components and Their Morphological Characteristics

et al. 2017

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To control PM2.5 from solid waste combustion, combustion simulation, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy were performed. Remarkable PM2.5 formation is an explosive release accompanied by acute weight loss and heat release over an interval of 300–400 °C. Sawdust starts to emit PM2.5 from approximately 200 °C. Plastic shows a little lag in PM2.5 emission from approximately 350 °C and constantly emits PM2.5 until 600 °C. When the temperature was 55–130 °C above of the ignition temperature or 20−65 °C above of the maximum weight loss temperature, the highest PM2.5 concentration was detected. Among combusted single wastes, plastic emits the maximum amount of PM2.5 at 10.7 mg/g, followed by rags (6.59 mg/g), sawdust (5.70 mg/g), food waste (5.49 mg/g), and paper (2.86 mg/g). Diverse sources have varied morphologies, which would help in identifying PM2.5 from various wastes. PM2.5 emitted by plastic is a well-distributed particulate that is spherical in shape. PM2.5 emitted by rag and food waste was finer than others and tended to aggregate to form a fragment, but PM2.5 from food waste was more compactly formed. PM2.5 from paper and sawdust was not easy to distinguish. However, their piecelike or block-shaped particulate usually adhered to a specific carrier. EDS checking revealed that all PM2.5 emitted via waste combustion was rich in carbon. There were 32.6–73.7% volatiles in PM2.5. PM2.5 from plastic combustion contained only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, whereas in PM2.5 emitted via the combustion of other wastes, Si, Ca, and Al were very common.

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Emission of Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) from Sewage Sludge Incinerators in Japan

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Volatility Distribution of Organic Compounds in Sewage Incineration Emissions

Volatility Distribution of Organic Compounds in Sewage Incineration Emissions

Systematic Review of Potential Occupational Respiratory Hazards Exposure Among Sewage Workers

PM_2.5 Emission Behavior from Laboratory-Scale Combustion of Typical Municipal Solid Waste Components and Their Morphological Characteristics

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Emission of Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) from Sewage Sludge Incinerators in Japan

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Volatility Distribution of Organic Compounds in Sewage Incineration Emissions

Volatility Distribution of Organic Compounds in Sewage Incineration Emissions

Systematic Review of Potential Occupational Respiratory Hazards Exposure Among Sewage Workers

PM2.5 Emission Behavior from Laboratory-Scale Combustion of Typical Municipal Solid Waste Components and Their Morphological Characteristics

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PM_2.5 Emission Behavior from Laboratory-Scale Combustion of Typical Municipal Solid Waste Components and Their Morphological Characteristics