Emission of γ-rays in the exciton model

Plyuyko, V.A; Prokopets, G.A.

doi:10.1016/0370-2693(78)90779-7

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Incident Energy (MeV) Cross Section (barns) Probability of gamma emission The probability of emission of gamma radiation (without spin selection rules) is derived in a way similar to the nucleon emission prob-ability by applying the principle of detailed balance [75,76,77] and can be expressed as…”

Section: Exciton Model (Pcross Code)mentioning

confidence: 99%

EMPIRE-3.2 Malta modular system for nuclear reaction calculations and nuclear data evaluation Users Manual

Herman¹,

Capote²,

Sin³

et al. 2013

109

104

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EMPIRE is a modular system of nuclear reaction codes, comprising various nuclear models, and designed for calculations over a broad range of energies and incident particles. The system can be used for theoretical investigations of nuclear reactions as well as for nuclear data evaluation work. Photons, nucleons, deuterons, tritons, helions ( 3 He), α's, and light or heavy ions can be selected as projectiles. The energy range starts just above the resonance region in the case of a neutron projectile, and extends up to few hundred MeV for heavy ion induced reactions. The code accounts for the major nuclear reaction models, such as optical model, Coupled Channels and DWBA (ECIS06 and OPTMAN), Multi-step Direct (ORION + TRISTAN), NVWY Multi-step Compound, exciton model (PCROSS), hybrid Monte Carlo simulation (DDHMS), and the full featured Hauser-Feshbach model including width fluctuations and the optical model for fission. Heavy ion fusion cross section can be calculated within the simplified coupled channels approach (CCFUS). A comprehensive library of input parameters based on the RIPL-3 library covers nuclear masses, optical model parameters, ground state deformations, discrete levels and decay schemes, level densities, fission barriers, and γ-ray strength functions. Effects of the dynamic deformation of a fast rotating nucleus can be taken into account in the calculations (BARFIT, MOMFIT).The results can be converted into the ENDF-6 format using the accompanying EM-PEND code. Modules of the ENDF Utility Codes and the ENDF Pre-Processing codes are applied for ENDF file verification. The package contains the full EXFOR library of experimental data in computational format C4 that are automatically retrieved during the calculations.EMPIRE contains the resonance module that retrieves data from the electronic version of the Atlas of Neutron Resonances by Mughabghab (not provided with the EMPIRE distribution), to produce resonance section and related covariances for the ENDF-6 formatted files. EMPIRE can be used to determine covariances of the calculated data using either sensitivity matrices along with the KALMAN code or employing Monte Carlo approach to produce model generated covariances. In both cases experimental data can be taken into account, either directly (KALMAN) or by feeding the EMPIRE calculated Monte Carlo modelling covariance as a prior to the least square fitting GANDR system. Publication quality graphs can be obtained using the powerful and flexible plotting package ZVView. Interactive plots with ZVView comparing experimental results with calculations can be produced with ENDVER modules.The backbone of the EMPIRE system are bash-shell UNIX scripts that provide for seamless console operation of EMPIRE on Linux, Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows with GNU gfortran compiler installed. Additionally, the graphical interface, provides for an easy operation of the system on Linux, Mac OS X and virtual Linux machines running on Microsoft Windows. was implemented in the HMS-EMPIRE. This version also included combi...

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Section: Exciton Model (Pcross Code)mentioning

confidence: 99%

EMPIRE-3.2 Malta modular system for nuclear reaction calculations and nuclear data evaluation Users Manual

Herman¹,

Capote²,

Sin³

et al. 2013

109

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In recent decades, many studies have appeared in literature concerning pre-equilibrium emission models of nuclear reactions, from the work of [1] to the developments of [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], and remarks prepared by [15,16]. The statistical semiclassical (SS) picture may be dated to 1948 by [17] as an internuclear cascade (INC) reaction, which is included in models of high energy nuclear collisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exciton model (EM), as treated by [5], utilizes the average-state configuration lifetime instead of the single-particle lifetime viewed by Blann [2,13] in his hybrid model (HM). In addition, the EM treats the nucleon emission as well as nucleon cluster emission [23,24] and γ -emission [6,25,26]. Another modification was made for the HM by [13,14] to avoid the multi-exciton density that was criticized by [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial exciton configuration in(p,n)pre-equilibrium emission reactions

Elmaghraby

2008

Phys. Rev. C

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Possible configurations in which excitons can be excited are demonstrated and discussed. A pre-equilibrium model code was developed in the framework of exciton and hybrid models using specified exciton configurations. The calculations were restricted to proton induced reactions at energies below 100 MeV. Results support the suggestion that a hole exists just below the Fermi energy before the reaction is initiated. A reduction in the relative abundance of high energy particles in the emission spectra may arise from the existence of such a hole state in the initial reaction phase and a subsequent thermalization among excitons during the phase lifetime. All suggested particle configurations give similar final results; the distinction among them lies in how and when the emissions occur. A "memory" factor is given for the particle configurations to determine to what extent the configuration can "remember" the entrance channel.

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