“…Several different designs of PFs are available on the market. The most popular designs consist of foil structures with indentations, ope nings, a nd metal fiber fleece [Yao et al 2008;Babu et al 2008;Mayer et al 2009;Weltens and Vogel 2008]. In these PFs, the metal foil substrate is designed so that the exhaust gas flow is diverted through the fleece into adjacent channels, a nd the particles are temporarily retained in the fleece.…”