Emission potential of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) and ammonia from sludge compost with different bio-stability under various oxygen levels

He, Pinjing; Wei, Shunyan; Shao, Liming

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.12.028

Cited by 63 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Particularly in this case, its abundance was that high due to the high SS:PW v/v ratio used. On the other hand, the higher abundance of sulphur compounds over other VOC families in both samples is normal as those compounds are typical chemicals present in the gaseous emissions generated during the SS handling and treatment [29,49]. The relative abundances of the different species found in the samples of the 2nd day of each process were similar, with nearly 80% of terpenes, 10% of sulphur compounds, and 7% of ketones among others.…”

Section: Vocs' Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The individual odour activity value (OAV i ) can be calculated as the relation between the concentration of a target compound and its odour detection threshold, as described by Equation 3 [26,27]. OAV i is an indicator of the contribution to odour of a specific quantified compound present in a gaseous sample containing a mixture of odorant compounds [28,29]. In this sense, the higher the OAV i , the more likely an odorant compound contributes to the perceived odour.…”

Section: Potential Odour Contributorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the Gaseous and Odour Emissions from the Composting of Conventional Sewage Sludge

et al. 2020

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Many different alternatives exist to manage and treat sewage sludge, all with the common drawback of causing environmental and odour impacts. The main objective of this work is to present a full inventory of the gaseous and odorous emissions generated during the bench-scale composting of conventional sewage sludge, aiming at assessing the process performance and providing global valuable information of the different gaseous emission patterns and emission factors found for greenhouse gases (GHG) and odorant pollutants during the conventional sewage sludge composting process. The main process parameters evaluated were the temperature of the material, specific airflow, average oxygen uptake rate (OUR), and final dynamic respiration index (DRI), resulting in a proper performance of the sewage sludge composting process and obtaining the expected final product. The obtained material was properly stabilized, presenting a final DRI of 1.2 ± 0.2 g O2·h−1·kg−1 Volatile Solids (VS). GHGs emission factor, in terms of kg CO2eq·Mg−1 dry matter of sewage sludge (DM–SS), was found to be 2.30 × 102. On the other hand, the sewage sludge composting odour emission factor (OEF) was 2.68 × 107ou·Mg−1 DM–SS. Finally, the most abundant volatile organic compounds (VOC) species found in the composting gaseous emissions were terpenes, sulphur compounds, ketones, and aromatic hydrocarbons, whereas the major odour contributors identified were dimethyldisulphide, eucalyptol, and α-pinene.

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Section: Vocs' Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Potential Odour Contributorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Gaseous and Odour Emissions from the Composting of Conventional Sewage Sludge

et al. 2020

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“…If one simply considers oxygen supply, it is probable that controlling compost aeration using oxygen levels is better and less costly than the timer/temperature feedback control. Furthermore, controlling oxygen content to a certain range, but not to a high level, may be a critical measure for odor management [ 18 , 20 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of oxygen in the composting material can also affect odor generation [ 17 ]. High levels of oxygen concentration decrease the emission rates and cumulative amounts of ammonia, carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and methlymercaptan during composting; wherein methlymercaptan was even extinguished in the subsequent stage [ 18 ]. In contrast, volatile organic acid (VOA) and greenhouse gas (GHG) can be generated with an inadequate oxygen level, but not when the oxygen is abundant [ 5 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen Monitoring Equipment for Sewage-Sludge Composting and Its Application to Aeration Optimization

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Oxygen is an important parameter for organic-waste composting, and continuous control of the oxygen in a composting pile may be beneficial. The oxygen consumption rate can be used to measure the degree of biological oxidation and decomposition of organic matter. However, without having a real-time online device to monitor oxygen levels in the composting pile, the adjustment and optimization of the composting process cannot be directly implemented. In the present study, we researched and developed such a system, and then tested its stability, reliability, and characteristics. The test results showed that the equipment was accurate and stable, and produced good responses with good repeatability. The equilibrium time required to detect oxygen concentration in the composting pile was 50 s, and the response time for oxygen detection was less than 2 s. The equipment could monitor oxygen concentration online and in real time to optimize the aeration strategy for the compost depending on the concentration indicated by the oxygen-measuring equipment.

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“…The activity of aerobic microorganisms that caused the temperature rise and conversion of nitrogen was closely related to the oxygen supply. Therefore, higher ventilation would result in a higher emission of NH 3 at initial temperature rise period (He et al 2018;Zhang et al 2016).…”

Section: Nh 3 Volatilization During Compostingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile sulfide compounds (VSCs) and ammonia emission characteristics and odor contribution in the process of municipal sludge composting

Zhao

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Malodor is becoming the main secondary pollution in the municipal sewage sludge-composting process. Ammonia and volatile sulfide compounds (VSCs) are the representative odorants that generated and emitted during the composting process. The emission characteristics of ammonia and VSCs were studied at different workshops in a full-scale municipal sludge-composting plant in North People's Republic of China. Results show that ammonia was the most dominant odorant of all the workshops and relative high concentrations of VSCs were detected at sludge stacking yard and composting workshop. The odor pattern of VSCs at the composting workshop and stacking yard were different. The odor pollution occurred mainly in the first 15 days of the composting process, in which the odor contribution of ammonia increased with time and the VSCs contributed largely in the first 5 days. The cumulative release concentration of VSCs from compost materials was in the order of DMDS (dimethyl disulfide) > DMS (dimethyl sulfide) > CS2 > MT (methyl mercaptan), and the total VSCs release concentration was in the range of 50-3200 μg•m −3 . The production of ammonia correlated to the temperature and nitrogen content and state changes, however, the production of VSCs was more complicated due to the reaction and transformation of VSCs. Optimization of aerobic composting conditions and process parameters should be further studied to reduce the emission of odor gas from compost.Implications: Along with the widespread use of sludge aerobic composting in People's Republic of China, the malodor pollution during the composting treatment is becoming a serious environmental issue. The odor pollution occurred mainly in the first 15 days, and ammonia was the main odorant of all the workshops and need to be controlled. Relative high concentrations of VSCs were detected at sludge stacking yard and composting workshop, however, the odor impact of VSCs were different. The generation of VSCs is more complicated than ammonia due to the reaction and transformation of VSCs.

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Emission potential of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) and ammonia from sludge compost with different bio-stability under various oxygen levels

Cited by 63 publications

References 42 publications

Characterization of the Gaseous and Odour Emissions from the Composting of Conventional Sewage Sludge

Characterization of the Gaseous and Odour Emissions from the Composting of Conventional Sewage Sludge

Oxygen Monitoring Equipment for Sewage-Sludge Composting and Its Application to Aeration Optimization

Volatile sulfide compounds (VSCs) and ammonia emission characteristics and odor contribution in the process of municipal sludge composting

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