Emission Rates, Survival, and Modeled Dispersal of Viable Pollen of Creeping Bentgrass

Pfender, W. F.; Graw, R.; Bradley, William A.; Carney, M.; Maxwell, Louis R.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2007.01.0030

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The amount of basidiospores m -2 h -1 for each week was calculated by dividing the weekly amount of basidiospores per m 3 by 9.3 hours, assuming total basidiospores falling on the m 2 crosssection was obtained by summing all spores in the m -3 h -1 above (Pfender et al 2007). Total amount of basidiospores deposited on a 30-cm stump was calculated using: total cumulative amount of basidiospores m -3 on site X (stump radius 2 X π), again assuming total basidiospores falling on the m 2 cross-section was obtained by summing all spores in the m -3 above.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of local and long-distanceHeterobasidion irregulareaerial basidiospore dispersal for future infection centres in thinned red pine plantations in Quebec

BérubéJean

PotvinAmélie

StewartDonald

2017

The Forestry Chronicle

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Heterobasidion irregulare is a basidiomyceteous forest pathogenic fungus which causes a root disease capable of killing large trees. Infection probability is proportional to the density of aerial basidiospores infecting freshly cut stumps. The purpose of this study was to quantify for the first time H. irregulare aerial basidiospore density in southern Québec and to determine the importance of a local basidiospore load from a nearby infested plantation. Spore counts from automated rotary arm spore collectors were assayed using a ribosomal ITS TaqMan real-time PCR detection assay. Cumulative basidiospore deposits on a 30-cm stump were estimated to be highest in the infected plantation with 2.37 basidiospores per stump, with decreasing count of 0.52 basidiospores at a 500-m distance and 0.46 basidiospores at a 1.5-km distance. At 5 km from the infected plantation, the number of basidiospores deposited on a stump was 0.22, a value similar to those at distances of 25 and 140 km. Since a single Heterobasidion basidiospore may travel as far as 500 km, the level detected at 5 km may represent the background basidiospore load resulting from long-distance dispersal, and basidiospores from a nearby infected plantation are unlikely to be an added risk of infection to plantations located more than 5 km away. Long distance aerial basidiospore dispersal will remain for now the most important constant source of infectious H. irregulare in Québec. Despite the very low risk level per stump in this study, the large number of trees thinned annually warrants that stump treatment with Rotstop® C is still the best strategy, especially in valuable plantations.Key words: basidiomycetes, basidiospore deposition, biological control, forest pathology, ribosomal ITS, root rot, Rotstop RÉSUMÉHeterobasidion irregulare est un champignon pathogène forestier capable de tuer des arbres de grand diamètre et le risque d'infection est proportionnel à la quantité de basidiospores aériennes qui se déposeront sur les souches des pins rouges fraîchement coupées. Le but de cette étude était de quantifier pour la première fois la densité de basidiospores aériennes dans le sud du Québec et déterminer l'importance de basidiospores locales provenant d'une plantation infectée située à proximité. Le comptage des basidiospores capturées par un collecteur à bras rotatif s' est fait à l'aide de PCR en temps réel avec des sondes TaqMan visant l'ITS de l' ADN ribosomique. Le compte cumulatif de basidiospores sur une souche de 30 cm était maximal, soit 2,37 basidiospores par souche, dans la plantation infectée, suivi de 0,52 basidiospores à 500 m de distance et de 0,46 basidiospores à 1,5 km. À 5 km de la plantation infectée, le nombre cumulatif de basidiospores était de 0,22, une valeur semblable à celles se trouvant à 25 et 140 km. Puisque les basidiospores de Heterobasidion sont reconnues pour voyager sur des distances allant jusqu'à 500 km, le nombre cumulatif de basidiospores à 5 km peut être considéré comme le niveau basal résultant de la propagation ...

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of local and long-distanceHeterobasidion irregulareaerial basidiospore dispersal for future infection centres in thinned red pine plantations in Quebec

BérubéJean

PotvinAmélie

StewartDonald

2017

The Forestry Chronicle

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The dispersal of pollen grains and their fragments in the atmosphere is controlled by meteorological factors as well as the pollen physical characteristics such as shape, density, size, and vitality (Helbig et al, 2004;Pfender et al, 2007;Veriankaite et al, 2010;Despés et al, 2012). Even though pollen dispersal is normally treated as a local scale transport phenomenon, long distance dispersal (LDD) through mechanically-and thermally-induced updraft turbulent eddies and regional transport is also possible (Kuparinen, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a regional-scale pollen emission and transport modeling framework for investigating the impact of climate change on allergic airway disease

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Exposure to bioaerosol allergens such as pollen can cause exacerbations of allergenic airway disease (AAD) in sensitive populations, and thus cause serious public health problems. Assessing these health impacts by linking the airborne pollen levels, concentrations of respirable allergenic material, and human allergenic response under current and future climate conditions is a key step toward developing preventive and adaptive actions. To that end, a regional-scale pollen emission and transport modeling framework was developed that treats allergenic pollens as non-reactive tracers within the coupled Weather Research and Forecasting Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF/CMAQ) modeling system. The Simulator of the Timing and Magnitude of Pollen Season (STaMPS) model was used to generate a daily pollen pool that can then be emitted into the atmosphere by wind. The STaMPS is driven by species-specific meteorological (temperature and/or precipitation) threshold conditions and is designed to be flexible with respect to its representation of vegetation species and plant functional types (PFTs). The hourly pollen emission flux was parameterized by considering the pollen pool, friction velocity, and wind threshold values. The dry deposition velocity of each species of pollen was estimated based on pollen grain size and density. An evaluation of the pollen modeling framework was conducted for southern California (USA) for the period from March to June 2010. This period coincided with observations by the University of Southern California's Children's Health Study (CHS), which included O 3 , PM 2.5 , and pollen count, as well as measurements of exhaled nitric oxide in study participants. Two nesting domains with horizontal resolutions of 12 and 4 km were constructed, and six representative allergenic pollen genera were included: birch tree, walnut tree, mulberry tree, olive tree, oak tree, and brome grasses. Under the current parameterization scheme, the modeling framework tends to underestimate walnut and peak oak pollen concentrations, and tends to overestimate grass pollen concentrations. The model shows reasonable agreement with observed birch, olive, and mulberry tree pollen concentrations. Sensitivity studies suggest that the estimation of the pollen pool is a major source of uncertainty for simulated pollen concentrations. Achieving agreement between emission modeling and observed pattern of pollen releases is the key for successful pollen concentration simulations.

show abstract

“…A. stolonifera is wind-pollinated and produces large amounts of low-weight pollen. Up to 100,000 pollens per square meter were detected at a 2-to 3-km distance from bentgrass fields [13]. Propagation may also take place by stolons [14].…”

Section: Case Study: Creeping Bentgrass In the Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation-independent establishment of genetically engineered plants in natural populations: current evidence and implications for EU regulation

Bauer-Panskus

Breckling

Hamberger³

et al. 2013

Environ Sci Eur

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

About 20 years after the market introduction of the first GM plants, we review whether or not uncontrolled spread occurred. We summarise cases documented in the scientific literature and derive conclusions for the regulation of the authorisation of new events. Several cases documented in North and Central America and Japan show that transgenes have spread beyond cultivation areas. Important examples are bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Several factors can be identified as relevant for transgene dispersal in the environment. Grasses (Poaceae), in particular, show a high potential for persistence and invasiveness, and wild relatives that can cross with the crop plants are a major factor in the unintended spread of the transgenes. There are significant uncertainties in predicting which transgenes will escape and how they will interact with the environment. For example, climate change is likely to have a major impact on the invasive potential of some plant species. The uncontrolled spread of transgenes is therefore a remaining challenge for regulators. We discuss some of these issues in the context of EU regulations since these regulations explicitly refer to the precautionary principle in the assessment of uncertainties. We found the that the precautionary principle as established in EU Directive 2001/18 can only be applied where efficient measures are available to remove genetically engineered organisms from the environment should this become necessary. If a removal from the environment would not be practically feasible, undesirable developments could not be mitigated.

show abstract

Emission Rates, Survival, and Modeled Dispersal of Viable Pollen of Creeping Bentgrass

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

Importance of local and long-distanceHeterobasidion irregulareaerial basidiospore dispersal for future infection centres in thinned red pine plantations in Quebec

Importance of local and long-distanceHeterobasidion irregulareaerial basidiospore dispersal for future infection centres in thinned red pine plantations in Quebec

Development of a regional-scale pollen emission and transport modeling framework for investigating the impact of climate change on allergic airway disease

Cultivation-independent establishment of genetically engineered plants in natural populations: current evidence and implications for EU regulation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About