Emission results from a 48-car test evaluation of MMT performance additive

Lenane, D. L.; Fort, B.F.; Haar, G. L. Ter; Lynam, Donald R.; Pfeifer, G.D.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(94)90243-7

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A ®rst study conducted by Lenane et al [1994] using 48 cars found that, over a driving distance of 40,000 miles, the CO emissions were essentially the same for both the clear and the MMT-added gasoline, but the NO x emissions were signi®cantly different. The amount of NO x emitted by the vehicles using MMT-added gasoline was 20% lower than the amount emitted by the vehicles using clear gasoline.…”

Section: Mmt and No X And Co Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of MMT in Canadian gasoline: Health and environment issues

Zayed

2001

American J Industrial Med

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Section: Mmt and No X And Co Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of MMT in Canadian gasoline: Health and environment issues

Zayed

2001

American J Industrial Med

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“…Lenane et al (1994) found that, over a driving distance of about 64,000 km (40,000 miles), the CO emissions were essentially the same for both the clear and the MMTadded gasoline, but the NOx emissions were significantly different (20% lower with MMT). However, Zayed et al (1999a) found that CO emissions increased by 100% and NO x by 18% for vehicles using MMT.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Reduced Atmospheric Manganese in Montreal Following Removal of Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT)

Joly

Lambert

Gagnon³

et al. 2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) was used between 1990 and 2003 as an antiknock agent and as an octane booster in Canadian unleaded gasoline. Its combustion leads to Mn emissions. The objective of this research was to examine the variations in atmospheric Mn in Montreal (Canada) from 2001 to 2007, covering the period prior (2001-2003) to and following (2005-2007) MMT use. Three sampling stations were selected because of their proximity to roads with widely differing and wellknown traffic patterns. Filters from 2001 to 2007 were obtained from the Montreal Urban Community. The first sample of each month was selected, and Mn analysis was performed by neutron activation analysis. Total suspended particulates (TSP) was calculated by weighing the filters before and after dust collection. Results show a significant decrease of Mn over time at each station, whereas TSP decreased significantly in two stations. Comparing atmospheric Mn during and after the period of use of MMT 2001-2003 vs 2005-2007 showed a significant decrease at all stations.For TSP, only one station showed borderline significant decline between these two periods. Overall, between the two periods, Mn and TSP decreased by 39% and 17%, respectively. These data suggest that the combustion of MMT led to an increase of airborne Mn of approximately 22%. These findings should help in decisionmaking processes concerning the use of MMT in gasoline in other countries.

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“…Recently, considerable controversy has developed over the potential toxicity of an organomanganese fuel additive, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) (Figure ). − From 1977 to 1995, MMT was approved only for limited use in leaded gasoline. In 1995, the manufacturer was able to successfully challenge the denial in federal court.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography−Diode Laser Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Butcher¹,

Zybin²,

Bol’shov³

et al. 1999

Anal. Chem.

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Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is a fuel additive that has been marketed for use in unleaded gasoline since December 1995. The widespread use of this additive has been suggested to cause health risks, but limitations in data regarding its degradation products and their toxicity prevent an accurate evaluation. To monitor the organomanganese compounds, it is clearly advantageous to employ low-cost, high-sensitivity, manganese-specific instrumentation to perform speciation. In this work, instrumentation fitting these criteria was obtained by the combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode laser atomic absorption spectrometry (DLAAS) and was used to determine MMT, its nonmethylated derivative, cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (CMT), and inorganic manganese. DLAAS was shown to be a versatile analytical technique for total Mn determination, with a detection limit of 1 ng/mL and a linear dynamic range (LDR) of almost 5 orders of magnitude. Analytical figures of merit for HPLC-DLAAS included a detection limit of 2 ng(as Mn)/mL, a LDR of 3 orders of magnitude, and an analysis time of three minutes. The organometallic compounds are characterized by rapid photolysis in sunlight, and hence, experiments were performed to evaluate whether normal laboratory lighting is suitable for their determination. Our results showed that normal laboratory protocols may be employed except that the organomanganese compounds should be stored away from light except during sample introduction procedures. The ability of the instrumentation to selectively preconcentrate organomanganese compounds while removing inorganic manganese was demonstrated. Sufficient resolution was obtained to determine a 20-fold excess of CMT compared with MMT. The ability of the system to do practical analysis was demonstrated by the accurate determination of MMT in spiked samples of gasoline, human urine, and tap water. These results demonstrate the suitability of HPLC-DLAAS for the speciation of MMT and its derivatives in industrial, toxicological, and environmental samples.

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Emission results from a 48-car test evaluation of MMT performance additive

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Use of MMT in Canadian gasoline: Health and environment issues

Use of MMT in Canadian gasoline: Health and environment issues

Reduced Atmospheric Manganese in Montreal Following Removal of Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT)

Speciation of Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography−Diode Laser Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

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