Emission spectroscopy for the identification of rare earth elements using laser-induced photoluminescence

Fuchs, Margret C.; Gloaguen, Richard; Beyer, Jan; Jakob, Sandra; Heitman, Johannes

doi:10.1109/whispers.2016.8071681

Cited by 2 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A concise overview on the features, advantages and weaknesses of both reflectance and PL spectroscopy is given in Table 4 and discussed further in detail in following sections. The classification shows that few REE, which were well detectable in single-REE standards [35], feature a decreased or inconsistent detectability in mixed natural samples for either one or both methods. This applies especially for Pr 3+ , Sm 3+ , Tb 3+ , Ho 3+ and Tm 3+ .…”

Section: Discussion and Cross-methods Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further studies cover not only REE luminescence but also a broad range of mineral-and transition metal luminescence and other effects such as molecular or radiation-induced centres. In 2016, Fuchs et al built up a feature library for the detection of REE in synthetic standards, focusing especially on REE phosphates and fluorides [35]. A comprehensive study on REE luminescence in natural minerals and doped crystals was conducted by Friis [11].…”

Section: Laser Induced Nir Luminescence Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A reference spectral library was built from both literature derived values as well as by analysis of a suite of synthetic single-REE phosphate (REE-PO 4 ) and fluoride (REE-F 3 ) salts, available as partly epoxy-resin embedded single crystals. For PL data, this library was described by Fuchs et al [35].…”

Section: Analysed Samples and Mineral Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measurements with 325 and 442 nm laser excitation were conducted in two single measurements, differing in the employed long-pass filters to suppress excitation laser light on the one hand and spectral second order effects from the monochromator gratings on the other hand. The two measurements are later merged in the post-processing of the spectral data [35]. Due to limited sensitivity at extreme wavelengths, data under 400 and over 1050 nm is excluded from the analysis.…”

Section: Pl Spectroscopy-technical Setup and Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reference PL spectra and positions of characteristic emission features for each REE were previously determined using a series of single-REE salts [35]. The resulting feature library was merged and extended with similar and additional feature positions reported in the literature [34,53].…”

Section: Pl Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential of Reflectance and Laser Induced Luminescence Spectroscopy for Near-Field Rare Earth Element Detection in Mineral Exploration

et al. 2018

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New energy, transport, computer and telecommunication technologies require an increasing supply of rare earth elements (REEs). As a consequence, adequate and robust detection methods become essential for the exploration and discovery of new deposits, the improved characterization of existing deposits and the future recycling of today’s high-tech products. Within this paper, we investigate the potential of combining passive reflectance (imaging and point sampling) with laser stimulated luminescence (point sampling) spectroscopic measurements across the visible, near and shortwave infrared for REE detection in non-invasive near-field mineral exploration. We analyse natural REE-bearing mineral samples from main REE-deposits around the world and focus on challenges such as the discrimination of overlapping spectroscopic features and the influence of the mineral type on detectability, feature position and mineral matrix luminescence. We demonstrate that the cross-validation of results from both methods increases the robustness and sensitivity, provides the potential for semi-quantification and enables the time- and cost-efficient detection of economically important REE, including Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy, Er, Yb and potentially also Ho and Tm.

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Section: Discussion and Cross-methods Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laser Induced Nir Luminescence Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysed Samples and Mineral Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pl Spectroscopy-technical Setup and Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pl Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential of Reflectance and Laser Induced Luminescence Spectroscopy for Near-Field Rare Earth Element Detection in Mineral Exploration

et al. 2018

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Fast 2D Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy Mapping of Rare Earth Elements in Rock Samples

Seidel

Lorenz

Heinig

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Due to the rapidly increasing use of energy-efficient technologies, the need for complex materials containing rare earth elements (REEs) is steadily growing. The high demand for REEs requires the exploration of new mineral deposits of these valuable elements, as recovery by recycling is still very low. Easy-to-deploy sensor technologies featuring high sensitivity to REEs are required to overcome limitations by traditional techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence. We demonstrate the ability of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to detect REEs rapidly in relevant geological samples. We introduce two-dimensional LIF mapping to scan rock samples from two Namibian REE deposits and cross-validate the obtained results by employing mineral liberation analysis (MLA) and hyperspectral imaging (HSI). Technique-specific parameters, such as acquisition speed, spatial resolution, and detection limits, are discussed and compared to established analysis methods. We also focus on the attribution of REE occurrences to mineralogical features, which may be helpful for the further geological interpretation of a deposit. This study sets the basis for the development of a combined mapping sensor for HSI and 2D LIF measurements, which could be used for drill-core logging in REE exploration, as well as in recovery plants.

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Emission spectroscopy for the identification of rare earth elements using laser-induced photoluminescence

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

The Potential of Reflectance and Laser Induced Luminescence Spectroscopy for Near-Field Rare Earth Element Detection in Mineral Exploration

The Potential of Reflectance and Laser Induced Luminescence Spectroscopy for Near-Field Rare Earth Element Detection in Mineral Exploration

Fast 2D Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy Mapping of Rare Earth Elements in Rock Samples

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