Emissions and performance analysis of diesel powered road vehicle equipped with real-time non-surfactant emulsion fuel supply system

Ramlan, Nur Atiqah; Yahya, Wira Jazair; Ithnin, Ahmad Muhsin; Kadir, Hasannuddin Abd; Kassim, Khairil Anwar Abu; Rahman, Hasbullah Abdul; Chan, Arif Fahim Ezzat; Mazlan, Nurul Aisyah; Rashid, Muhammad Adib Abdul; Sugeng, Dhani Avianto

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117257

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Moreover, as water percentage increases, chances of more oxygen molecules ionize to form of hydroxyl (OH) radicals increases significantly, leading to lower NO x formation 29 . Nonetheless, reduction of NO x observed in this study is rather minimum when compared to previous studies 17 , 22 , 34 . This observation could be explained for two reasons.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 76%

“…In fact, maximum smoke opacity reduction is achieved by B30E15 under high loads, with a magnitude of 61.5% reduction with respect to D2M. Again, it is obvious that the role of micro explosion is very effective in improving fuel atomization, achieving higher combustion quality 22 in high engine load environment characterized by higher in-cylinder pressure and temperature. Another contributing factor is due to the presence of higher OH radicals in B30E, air entrainment is enriched, further reducing smoke formation 55 .…”

Section: Co Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Despite its benefits, surfactants used in W/D emulsions are known to cause fuel filters clogging by displacing deposits in the fuel lines and fuel tanks 21 . Another shortcoming of surfactants is due to its expensive nature, large-scale production of W/D emulsion fuels would not be a viable substitute to petroleum-based diesel, rendering commercialization difficult 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Engine performance and emissions evaluation of surfactant-free B30 biodiesel–diesel/water emulsion as alternative fuel

Mohd Tamam,

Omi,

Yahya

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Malaysia is one of the top exporters of palm oil, and although currently facing fierce resistance towards palm oil imports in some parts of the globe, one of the ways to utilize this commodity is by increasing palm biodiesel content in local commercial diesel. However, due to the oxygen-rich nature of biodiesel, its utilization suffers from increased nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission compared to conventional diesel. To mitigate this issue and improve diesel engine performance and emissions using biodiesel–diesel blends, this study attempted to investigate implementation of a real-time non-surfactant emulsion fuel supply system (RTES) which produces water-in-diesel emulsion as fuel without surfactants. NOx reducing capability of water-in-diesel produced by RTES has been well documented. Therefore, in this study, 30% biodiesel–diesel (B30) was used as the base fuel while B30-derived emulsions consisting of 10 wt%, 15 wt% and 20 wt% water content were supplied into a 100 kVA, 5.9-L common rail turbocharged diesel engine electric generator. Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions were measured and compared with commercially available Malaysian low grade diesel fuel (D2M). Evidence suggested that emulsified B30 biodiesel–diesel produced by RTES was able to increase brake thermal efficiency (BTE) up to a maximum of 36% and reduce brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) up to 8.70%. Furthermore, B30 biodiesel–diesel emulsions produced significantly less NOx, carbon monoxide and smoke at high engine load. In conclusion, B30 biodiesel–diesel emulsions can be readily utilized in current diesel engines without compromising on performance and emissions.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 76%

Section: Co Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Engine performance and emissions evaluation of surfactant-free B30 biodiesel–diesel/water emulsion as alternative fuel

Mohd Tamam,

Omi,

Yahya

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…Thus, it is resulting in better fuel consumption compared to B10 fuel. Although the emulsified fuel has lower calorific value and energy content compared to B10, however, the effect of micro explosion more dominant compared to effect of calorific value on fuel consumption [18]. This result in line with observation reported by Khan et al, [11], Ramlan et al, [18], and Shyam et al, [25].…”

Section: Fuel Consumptionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…However, those authors did not mention and consider the attached device or system as a load in their research. From the literature review [15,[17][18], this system consists of various electrical components such as water pump, solenoid valve, controller, ultrasonic driver, ultrasonic transducer and dc motor which this system might consumed a lot of electrical energy. Plus, there is no research conducted to measure the electrical load of RTES system which this system will affecting on the fuel consumption due to attached RTES system on the vehicle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Electrical Load On the Emulsification Methods of Inline Mixing System RTES Produced by The Static Mixer and Ultrasonic on Fuel Consumption and Emission Characteristics

Mahdi

Ithnin

Yahya

et al. 2020

ARFMTS

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The Water-in-Diesel emulsion (W/D emulsion) imposed the benefit of alternative fuel by reducing the main emission problems in the diesel engines such as Particulate Matters (PM) and Nitric Oxides (NOx) emissions. However, the main issue of W/D emulsion was dependency on surfactant which creates a huge barrier to commercialize this alternative fuel. Therefore, a new concept namely as the Real-Time Non-Surfactant Non-Emulsification System (RTES) was introduced to eliminate the surfactant in W/D emulsion. However, the effect of the electrical load of RTES operation in diesel engine vehicles is still unknown, especially on fuel consumption. Hence, this paper focussed on the effect of electrical load on the emulsification methods of inline mixing system RTES produced by the static mixer and ultrasonic on fuel consumption and emission characteristics. There are two different methods of emulsification made motor and static mixer (EMS) and motor, ultrasonic and static mixer (EMUS) from the RTES were tested of the light-duty lorry under the engine speed of 2200rpm. It is found that the electrical load from the operation of RTES increased the fuel consumption by 1.0% compared to the B10 fuel but reduced by 1.5% when the EMS emulsion fuel was applied. The EMS and EMUS emulsion exhibit the same pattern of NOx reduction by 7% However, EMS and EMUS increased by 20% and 16.5% for CO emission and 16.9% and 9.7% for HC emission respectively compared to B10 fuel. Overall, the electrical load in the RTES operation slightly consumed fuel consumption but the introduction of the static mixer in the RTES system had successfully be applied without deteriorated the benefit of emulsion fuel.

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Impact of water‐in‐diesel emulsion on compression ignition engine's emissions and its challenges—A detailed review

Onuoha,

Etim,

Oguzie

2024

Vietnam Journal of Chemistry

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Compression ignition engines/diesel engines release greenhouse gases like particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and, unburnt hydrocarbons which pose environmental and human health risks. Water‐in‐diesel emulsion (WiDE) has emerged as a cost‐effective alternative fuel for reducing the emission of these gases in diesel engines. This paper reviews the effectiveness of using emulsion fuel in engines to reduce harmful emissions as well as the challenges associated with WiDE, which include emulsion stability and corrosion. The review is based on available experimental results from various studies in the literature. While there are a few conflicting outcomes among researchers, the majority of results support the benefits of using WiDE in a compression engine as the PM and NOx emissions, significantly decreased. The decrease in NOx is a result of the flame reaching a lower peak temperature during combustion. The reduction in PM occurs as a result of the micro‐explosion process, which enhances combustion efficiency. Even though WiDE significantly reduces the environmental impact of diesel engines, this study also shows that WiDE faces stability problems and enhances the corrosion of materials. The development of a systematic methodology that can accurately measure emulsion stability, the in‐depth study of the impacts of surfactant dosage, water content and temperature on the corrosion behavior of metals in WiDE and also the development of anti‐corrosion intervention suggestions have been suggested based on the analysis of earlier research.

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Emissions and performance analysis of diesel powered road vehicle equipped with real-time non-surfactant emulsion fuel supply system

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Engine performance and emissions evaluation of surfactant-free B30 biodiesel–diesel/water emulsion as alternative fuel

Engine performance and emissions evaluation of surfactant-free B30 biodiesel–diesel/water emulsion as alternative fuel

Effect of Electrical Load On the Emulsification Methods of Inline Mixing System RTES Produced by The Static Mixer and Ultrasonic on Fuel Consumption and Emission Characteristics

Impact of water‐in‐diesel emulsion on compression ignition engine's emissions and its challenges—A detailed review

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