Emissions from an automobile fire

Lönnermark, Anders; Blomqvist, Per

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.05.002

Cited by 65 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The denuder samples were analyzed by the Institutet för Kemisk Analys Norden AB (Hässleholm, Sweden) under the direction of Dr. Gunnar Skarping according to the methodology described elsewhere ]. Despite the commonness of vehicle fires, only a few studies characterizing the emissions from vehicle fires have been reported in the literature [Wichmann et al 1995;Lonnermark and Blomqvist 2006]. Most notable was a study by Lonnermark and Blomqvist [2006] where automobiles were burned in a controlled setting.…”

Section: Isocyanatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the commonness of vehicle fires, only a few studies characterizing the emissions from vehicle fires have been reported in the literature [Wichmann et al 1995;Lonnermark and Blomqvist 2006]. Most notable was a study by Lonnermark and Blomqvist [2006] where automobiles were burned in a controlled setting. Investigators in this study reported potentially harmful levels of hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene), PAHs, aldehydes (formaldehyde), dioxins and furans, and isocyanates.…”

Section: Isocyanatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of chemical and particle exposures during vehicle fire suppression training.

2010

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Section: Isocyanatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Isocyanatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of chemical and particle exposures during vehicle fire suppression training.

2010

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“…In a study by Lönnermark and Blomqvist (Lönnermark & Blomqvist 2006) significant concentrations of airborne isocyanates (ICA, MIC, EIC, PHI, 2,4 and 2,6-TDI, HDI and 2,4-and 2,6-TAI) from an automobile fire were also identified. The airborne isocyanates were sampled by impinger-filter and derivatised by DBA (Lönnermark & Blomqvist 2006).…”

Section: Sampling and Analysis Of Isocyanates In Fire Effluentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The airborne isocyanates were sampled by impinger-filter and derivatised by DBA (Lönnermark & Blomqvist 2006).…”

Section: Sampling and Analysis Of Isocyanates In Fire Effluentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of isocyanates in fire toxicity

2016

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Isocyanates are a group of low molecular weight, highly reactive compounds with a functional isocyanate group. The main human exposure route is via inhalation of airborne isocyanates, although dermal exposure has also been reported. The inhalation of isocyanates is associated with severely adverse health effects such as asthma, inflammation in the respiratory tract and cancer. During thermal degradation of polyurethane materials, airborne isocyanates can be sampled in the fire effluent. This paper discusses the reactivity and commercial applications of isocyanates and the generation of airborne isocyanates during thermal degradation, the human health effects as well as the environmental fate of some of the most commercially important isocyanates. This is followed by a review of the generation of isocyanates from large-scale fire testing and bench-scale test methods as well as sampling techniques and derivatisation agents necessary to stabilise the isocyanates and analysis.

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“…The necessary amount of the compressed air contained in the cylinder has been, for a long time, a source of debate, since it's impossible to stay inside fire and toxic environment without it [4,5]. For this particular argument, the calculations that foresee the user's time autonomy are related to the cylinder's volume, the pressure it was put in, and the values of air consumption estimated for a firefighter at work, usually known as three constants: low/light, middle/moderate and high/heavy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breathing Protection Equipment Consumption: Contribution From an Experimental Protocol

Corrêa¹,

Castro²,

Falcão³

et al. 2015

HOLOS

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This article presents an experimental protocol for calculatingthe breathable air consumption on OpenCircuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) used by firefighters during operations in smoke environment, especially in firefighting operations. The actual protocol is based on particularities forvaried Fire Departments. Even though the Fire Departments are similar in their activities and collaborative spirit, each institution has different equipment, works under a specific ambient temperature, and has peculiar training programs, representing a unique organism. Creating a simple protocol makes it possible to be easily repeated, establishing, that way,the air consumption during SCBAuse by any Fire Department. One case study in a significant sample of on Battalion of Recife -PE, Brazil, will be presented, creating a reference of air consumption for firefighters during low, middle and high effort during firefighting.

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Emissions from an automobile fire

Cited by 65 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluation of chemical and particle exposures during vehicle fire suppression training.

Evaluation of chemical and particle exposures during vehicle fire suppression training.

The role of isocyanates in fire toxicity

Breathing Protection Equipment Consumption: Contribution From an Experimental Protocol

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